{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T00:30:03Z","timestamp":1761611403112},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,30]],"date-time":"2016-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472515200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. Biosoc. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) is claimed to be a biomarker of prenatal sex steroids. This study compared 2D:4D and waist\u2013hip ratio (WHR) in men and women with nose deformity caused by injuries suggesting risky behaviour with those of unaffected controls. This kind of facial trauma was accepted as an indicator of risk-taking behaviour. The study involved 100 patients (50 women aged 30.74\u00b18.09 years and 50 men aged 30.98\u00b110.86 years) who underwent rhinoplasty due to nose trauma in a hospital in \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland, in 2015. For comparison purposes, a control sample of 70 women (aged 23.03\u00b13.36 years) and 70 men (aged 22.87\u00b13.46 years) was recruited. In both groups the following measurements were taken: body height, waist and hip circumferences, II and IV digit lengths and body weight. The results showed that women and men who had suffered nose injury had significantly higher values of WHR than controls. The 2D:4D in women with post-traumatic nose deformity was significantly different than the ratio in control women (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.0001) and presented the male pattern. It is concluded that in women risky behaviours seem to be associated with prenatal sex hormone influence, while differences in WHR suggest that this tendency is also related to postnatal hormonal factors. Risky behaviours in men should be linked to postnatal hormonal changes rather than to increased prenatal androgen exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0021932016000420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,30]],"date-time":"2016-08-30T06:40:00Z","timestamp":1472539200000},"page":"567-577","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["CAN BODY PROPORTIONS SERVE AS A PREDICTOR OF RISK-TAKING BEHAVIOURS IN WOMEN AND MEN?"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Kasielska-Trojan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Stabry\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bogus\u0142aw","family":"Antoszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0021932016000420_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.65.2.293"},{"key":"S0021932016000420_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-5138(00)00063-5"},{"key":"S0021932016000420_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X13503813"},{"key":"S0021932016000420_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.2007.00452.x"},{"key":"S0021932016000420_ref16","first-page":"446","article-title":"The ratio of 2nd to 4th digit length and performance in skiing","volume":"42","author":"Manning","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness"},{"key":"S0021932016000420_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.11.3000"},{"key":"S0021932016000420_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1113312108"},{"key":"S0021932016000420_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605986"},{"key":"S0021932016000420_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/mehy.1999.1150"},{"key":"S0021932016000420_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-015-0494-8","article-title":"The second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D): a risk factor of migraine and tension-type headache","volume":"16","author":"Wie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Headache and Pain"},{"key":"S0021932016000420_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.07.018"},{"key":"S0021932016000420_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-009-9485-7"},{"key":"S0021932016000420_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-006-9136-1"},{"key":"S0021932016000420_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2015.04.009"},{"key":"S0021932016000420_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2013.1426"},{"key":"S0021932016000420_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2004.05.001"},{"key":"S0021932016000420_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2001.tb00181.x"},{"key":"S0021932016000420_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2010.07.003"},{"key":"S0021932016000420_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/brst.2001.0284"},{"key":"S0021932016000420_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2004.06.004"},{"key":"S0021932016000420_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mondrag\u00f3n-Ceballos R. , Garc\u00eda Granados M. 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(Soccer players awarded one or more red cards exhibit lower 2D:4D. Aggressive Behavior (in press)."},{"key":"S0021932016000420_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047140"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biosocial Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0021932016000420","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]],"date-time":"2019-04-16T21:24:22Z","timestamp":1555449862000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0021932016000420\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,30]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0021932016000420"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0021932016000420","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9320","1469-7599"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9320","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7599","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Cambridge University Press, 2016\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}