{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:25:01Z","timestamp":1791559501080,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]],"date-time":"2018-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520294400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]],"date-time":"2018-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520294400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. Biosoc. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to assess whether women\u2019s empowerment ensures reduced intimate partner violence (IPV). The differential relationship between women\u2019s empowerment and IPV among married women in Bangladesh was investigated using 2007 Demographic and Health Survey data. Logistic regression models were used to assess whether women\u2019s empowerment had any influence on their likelihood of experiencing IPV while controlling for other covariates. The analyses revealed that older cohorts of women, who were more empowered, were more vulnerable to physical violence than less-empowered, younger women. The likelihood of being affected by physical violence among less-empowered, childless women was greater than that of more-empowered women with only male children. Less-empowered, uneducated women were more likely to experience physical violence than more-empowered, primary-educated women. Less-empowered women who had been married for less than 5 years were more likely to suffer from physical violence than more-empowered women who had been married for more than 19 years. The likelihood of experiencing sexual violence was not found to have any significant association with women\u2019s empowerment. The findings suggest that although women\u2019s empowerment in Bangladesh is gradually improving, some sub-groups of empowered women are still susceptible to IPV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0021932018000068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]],"date-time":"2018-03-06T07:44:19Z","timestamp":1520322259000},"page":"188-202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["WOMEN\u2019S EMPOWERMENT AND INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE IN BANGLADESH: INVESTIGATING THE COMPLEX RELATIONSHIP"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Saifa Binte","family":"Sanawar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Amirul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shankar","family":"Majumder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farjana","family":"Misu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08221-1"},{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jid.1500"},{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref9","unstructured":"Fraser E. M. (2012) Helpdesk Research Report: Economic Empowerment and Violence Against Women and Girls (VAWG). Governance and Social Development Resource Centre. URL: http:\/\/www.gsdrc.org\/docs\/open\/hdq790.pdf (accessed 10th April 2017)."},{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932012000223"},{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932016000663","article-title":"Women\u2019s empowerment and family planning: a review of the literature","volume":"49","author":"Ndola","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Biosocial Science"},{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6874-11-19"},{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref18","volume-title":"Profiling Domestic Violence: A Multi-Country Study","author":"Kishor","year":"2004"},{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref17","first-page":"19","article-title":"Domestic violence against women in Bangladesh: analysis from a socio-legal perspective","volume":"9","author":"Khatun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Sociology"},{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref15","unstructured":"Jahan R. (1994) Hidden Danger: Women and Family Violence in Bangladesh. Women for Women, Dhaka."},{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref10","first-page":"48","article-title":"Predicting vulnerability of Indian women to domestic violence incidents","volume":"3","author":"Ghosh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Research and Practice in Social Sciences"},{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref8","unstructured":"Folmer S. , Alam S. M. & Sharif A. H. (1993) Condom use in Bangladesh. Paper presented to the Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America, Cincinnati, Ohio, April 1993."},{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1464988032000125773"},{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.10.1157"},{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/BJESBS\/2016\/20140"},{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13545701.2014.994653"},{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1363\/3019004"},{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref1","unstructured":"Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (2016) Report on Violence Against Women (VAW) Survey \u2013 2015. BBS and Statistics and Informatics Division (SID), Ministry of Planning, Government of the People\u2019s Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka."},{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref28","volume-title":"Three Essays on Intended and Not Intended Impacts of Conditional Cash Transfers","author":"Perova","year":"2010"},{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref27","volume-title":"Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2007","year":"2009"},{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref36","unstructured":"World Bank (2008) Whispers to voices: gender and social transformation in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Development Series No. 22. URL: https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/bitstream\/handle\/10986\/26334\/430450NWP0BD0gender0Box0327344B01PUBLIC1.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (accessed 4th February 2018)."},{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref3","first-page":"105","article-title":"Domestic violence against women in Bangladesh: a critical overview","volume":"18","author":"Begum","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chittagong University Journal of Law"},{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.2003.0014"},{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref37","volume-title":"World Report on Violence and Health","year":"2002"},{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728-4465.2005.00071.x"},{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801298004003002"},{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"International Monetary Fund (2011) Bangladesh 2011 Article IV Consultation. IMF Country Report No. 11\/314, Washington, DC. URL: http:\/\/www.imf.org\/~\/media\/Websites\/IMF\/imported-full-text-pdf\/external\/pubs\/ft\/scr\/2011\/_cr11314.ashx (accessed 4th February 2018).","DOI":"10.5089\/9781463923907.002"},{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref12","unstructured":"Hidrobo M. , Peterman A. & Heise L. (2016) The Effect of Cash, Vouchers and Food Transfers on Intimate Partner Violence: Evidence From a Randomized Experiment in Northern Ecuador. American Economic Association online article. URL: http:\/\/datacompass.lshtm.ac.uk\/221\/ https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/articles?id=10.1257\/app.2015-0048 (accessed 4th February 2018)."},{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/jbau.v14i1.30603"},{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09614529853774"},{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(98)00417-1"},{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801208325187"},{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118234"},{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref25","first-page":"1","article-title":"National discourses on women\u2019s empowerment in Bangladesh: continuities and change","author":"Nazneen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Institute of Development Studies (IDS) Working Paper"},{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728-4465.2008.00150.x"},{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-5395(98)00093-4"},{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref22","volume-title":"Escaping Domestic Violence: Empowering Women through Employment, Earnings and Wealth in India","author":"Mathur","year":"2013"},{"key":"#cr-split#-S0021932018000068_ref16.1","unstructured":"8. Kabeer N., Mahmud S. & Tasneem S. (2011) Does paid work provide a pathway to women's empowerment? Empirical findings from Bangladesh. Bargaining with patriarchy Gender. Institute of Development Studies"},{"key":"#cr-split#-S0021932018000068_ref16.2","unstructured":"9. (IDS) Working Paper, Vol. 201, No. 375. URL: http:\/\/www.ids.ac.uk\/files\/dmfile\/Wp375.pdf (accessed 10th April 2017)."},{"key":"S0021932018000068_ref32","first-page":"14","article-title":"Is Women\u2019s Empowerment Contributing to a Decline in Intimate Partner Violence against Women in Bangladesh? Evidence from a Qualitative Study","volume":"44","author":"Schuler","year":"2014","journal-title":"National Institution of Health"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biosocial Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0021932018000068","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,12]],"date-time":"2019-10-12T07:35:11Z","timestamp":1570865711000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0021932018000068\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0021932018000068"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0021932018000068","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9320","1469-7599"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9320","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7599","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Cambridge University Press, 2018\u00a0","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}