{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T04:29:18Z","timestamp":1792816158401,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]],"date-time":"2021-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630972800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Biosoc. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The study investigates sex differences in the prevalence of undernutrition in sub-Saharan Africa. Undernutrition was defined by\n                    <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                    -scores using the CDC-2000 growth charts. Some 128 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) were analysed, totalling 700,114 children under-five. The results revealed a higher susceptibility of boys to undernutrition. Male-to-female ratios of prevalence averaged 1.18 for stunting (height-for-age\n                    <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                    -score &lt;\u22122.0); 1.01 for wasting (weight-for-height\n                    <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                    -score &lt;\u22122.0); 1.05 for underweight (weight-for-age\n                    <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                    -score &lt;\u22122.0); and 1.29 for concurrent wasting and stunting (weight-for-height and height-for-age\n                    <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                    -scores &lt;\u22122.0). Sex ratios of prevalence varied with age for stunting and concurrent wasting and stunting, with higher values for children age 0\u201323 months and lower values for children age 24\u201359 months. Sex ratios of prevalence tended to increase with declining level of mortality for stunting, underweight and concurrent wasting and stunting, but remained stable for wasting. Comparisons were made with other anthropometric reference sets (NCHS-1977 and WHO-2006), and the results were found to differ somewhat from those obtained with CDC-2000. Possible rationales for these patterns are discussed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0021932021000468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T21:19:15Z","timestamp":1630963155000},"page":"847-857","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Changing sex differences in undernutrition of African children: findings from Demographic and Health Surveys"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6073-7803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michel","family":"Garenne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Thurstans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Briend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmel","family":"Dolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanya","family":"Khara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Myatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Seal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan C.","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref14","unstructured":"Garenne, M , Maire, B , Fontaine, O , Dieng, K and Briend, A (2000) Risques de d\u00e9c\u00e8s associ\u00e9s \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents \u00e9tats nutritionnels chez l\u2019enfant d\u2019\u00e2ge pr\u00e9scolaire. Etudes du CEPED No. 17."},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.11.2893"},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.3.5826.566"},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref29","volume-title":"Mortality Patterns in National Populations, with Special Reference to Recorded Causes of Death","author":"Preston","year":"1976"},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20995"},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy326"},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref41","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2006) WHO Child Growth Standards: Length\/height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight for length\/height, and body mass index-for-age. Methods and Development. WHO, Geneva."},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref22","first-page":"1","article-title":"2000 CDC Growth Charts for the United States: methods and development","volume":"246","author":"Kuczmarski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vital Health Statistics"},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref33","volume-title":"Interactions of Nutrition and Infection. A Report Prepared in Consultation with Seventeen Specialists in Various Countries.","author":"Scrimshaw","year":"1968"},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/32.3.607","article-title":"Physical growth: National Center for Health Statistics percentiles","volume":"32","author":"Hamill","year":"1979","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932003006047"},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7276.1609"},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03014460210140185"},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-004030"},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.1.316S","article-title":"Historical concepts of interactions, synergism and antagonism between nutrition and infection","volume":"133","author":"Scrimshaw","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422416000238","article-title":"Nutrition, infection and stunting: the roles of deficiencies of individual nutrients and foods, and of inflammation, as determinants of reduced linear growth of children","volume":"30","author":"Millward","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrition Research Review"},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref39","first-page":"489","article-title":"The presentation and use of height and weight data for comparing the nutritional status of groups of children under the age of 10 years","volume":"55","author":"Waterlow","year":"1977","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00022"},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2016.06.013"},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/00324728.1956.10404523","article-title":"A century of international mortality trends: II","volume":"10","author":"Stolnitz","year":"1956","journal-title":"Population Studies"},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265150361S103"},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.87.3.F193"},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-7-17","article-title":"Boys are more stunted than girls in sub-Saharan Africa: a meta-analysis of 16 demographic and health surveys","volume":"7","author":"Wamani","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Pediatrics"},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/66.2.464S"},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.1.45"},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref8","unstructured":"Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) (2020) URL: https:\/\/www.statcompiler.com\/ (accessed 16th January 2020)."},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20533","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020533","article-title":"The stature of boys is inversely correlated to the levels of their Sertoli cell hormones: do the testes restrain the maturation of boys?","volume":"6","author":"Morgan","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref26","first-page":"1","article-title":"Children who are both wasted and stunted are also underweight and have a high risk of death: a descriptive epidemiology of multiple anthropometric deficits using data from 51 countries","volume":"6","author":"Myatt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Archives of Public Health"},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.1.144","article-title":"Comparison of the WHO child growth standards and the CDC-2000 growth charts","volume":"137","author":"De Onis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref17","unstructured":"Human Mortality Database (2020) Human Mortality Database. University of California, Berkeley, USA, and Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Germany. URL: www.mortality.org or www.humanmortality.de (accessed 1st October 2020)."},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref2","first-page":"715","article-title":"Nutritional status, age and survival: the muscle mass hypothesis","volume":"43","author":"Briend","year":"1989","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.6.1558"},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref18","unstructured":"INSEE (2020) URL: https:\/\/www.insee.fr\/fr\/statistiques\/ (accessed 20th January 2020)."},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.1999.1044"},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref5","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control (CDC) (2000) CDC Growth charts for the United States: methods and development. CDC Series Report 11, No. 246."},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref36","volume-title":"Model Life Tables for Developing Countries","year":"1982"},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12516"},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref28","first-page":"2047S","article-title":"The relationship between child anthropometry and mortality in developing countries: implications for policy, programs and future research","volume":"124","author":"Pelletier","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1353\/pbm.1998.0005","article-title":"Sexist diseases","volume":"41","author":"Garenne","year":"1998","journal-title":"Perspectives in Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12736","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12736","article-title":"Concurrent wasting and stunting among under-five children in Niakhar, Senegal","volume":"15","author":"Garenne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Maternal and Child Nutrition"},{"key":"S0021932021000468_ref21","first-page":"1","article-title":"CDC Growth Charts: United States","volume":"314","author":"Kuczmarski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Advanced Data"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biosocial Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0021932021000468","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T08:06:44Z","timestamp":1664266004000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0021932021000468\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0021932021000468"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0021932021000468","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9320","1469-7599"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9320","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7599","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]]}}}