{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T06:40:54Z","timestamp":1778568054780,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]],"date-time":"2021-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635811200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Biosoc. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D is an important nutrient for bone health, and vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of various diseases. Gilgit Baltistan, the northern-most area of Pakistan, has a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, despite many nutritional and food safety programmes. The present study aimed to find how knowledge, attitudes and practices associated with vitamin D related to the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among people residing in different areas of Gilgit Baltistan. The cross-sectional study was descriptive and used data from a survey carried out between February 2019 and December 2020 on individuals of both sexes aged 10 years or over in Gilgit Baltistan. Of the 575 survey participants, 306 (53.2%) had experienced signs and symptoms of vitamin D deficiency, i.e. tiredness, fatigue and bone weakness. Approximately 64.8% had some general knowledge of vitamin D and its relation to health. Participants aged 19\u201325 years had the highest scores on knowledge of vitamin D. Only 22.7% of interviewees had ever taken any supplements and only 25.6% often exposed themselves to sunlight. Females\u2019 mean knowledge score (28.7; SD 7.02) was higher than that of males (24; SD 9.01). A lack of consistency was observed between attitude towards daylight exposure and knowledge of vitamin D. There was a large correlation between knowledge and attitude (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001), while a non-significant association was demonstrated between knowledge and practices (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.1). Better knowledge, attitude and practices by people living in cities or more-developed regions indicates that education can be an effective way to provide awareness regarding micronutrient deficiencies. More emphasis is needed on enhancing knowledge, awareness and practices associated with vitamin D deficiency in rural areas of Pakistan. It is strongly recommended that an awareness campaign on micronutrients is launched in both rural and urban areas of Pakistan, concentrating on poor socioeconomic settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s002193202100050x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]],"date-time":"2021-11-02T06:39:41Z","timestamp":1635835181000},"page":"1100-1124","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Community-based social and demographic assessment of knowledge, attitudes, practices and medical conditions related to vitamin D deficiency in Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Sajida","family":"Maryam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saman","family":"Saba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Waseem","family":"Haider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhmmad Sohail","family":"Afzal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saiqa","family":"Mukhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Durrance-Bagale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raja Zoq ul","family":"Arfeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nazneen","family":"Bangash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naseer Ali","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0382-3569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haroon","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-8453-y"},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare5040076"},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/17512433.2016.1122519"},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-10-0127"},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)91141-7"},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref18","first-page":"249","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency prevalence in summer compared to winter in a city with high humidity and a sultry climate","volume":"62","author":"Kashi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endokrynologia Polska"},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref32","unstructured":"UNICEF (2018) National Nutrition Survey 2018. UNICEF and United Kingdom\u2019s Department for International Development (DFID)."},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7075111"},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajme.2012.02.003"},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref13","unstructured":"Harvard Health (2017) 9 Things That Can Undermine your Vitamin D Level. Harvard Health Publishing. URL: https:\/\/www.health.harvard.edu\/staying-healthy\/9-things-that-can-affect-your-vitamin-d-level"},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/derm.24054"},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2017.01.021"},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12102994"},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-019-0671-5"},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602033"},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1756-185X.2011.01624.x"},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref12","first-page":"60","article-title":"Assessment of the Vitamin D levels in the patients presenting with different medical conditions and its correlation with symptomatology","volume":"15","author":"Haque","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annals of King Edward Medical University"},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980015000373"},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref9","first-page":"796","article-title":"Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its related factors among university students in Shiraz, Iran","volume":"5","author":"Faghih","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3112\/erdkunde.2013.02.02"},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13968"},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15071489"},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-020-00790-9"},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2013.33.2.156"},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S136898000800356X"},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-010-1207-4"},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033452"},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref35","unstructured":"Wikipedia (2011) Gilgit-Baltistan. Wikipedia."},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-0980"},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref17","first-page":"1","article-title":"Possible causes of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in Pakistani population residing in Pakistan","volume":"60","author":"Iqbal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Pakistan Medical Association"},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40795-020-00404-0"},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17218053"},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5010111"},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32413\/pjph.v7i1.17"},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15112387"},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17186924"},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23646"},{"key":"S002193202100050X_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2018.6.22238"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biosocial Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S002193202100050X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T07:28:04Z","timestamp":1669620484000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S002193202100050X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S002193202100050X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s002193202100050x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9320","1469-7599"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9320","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7599","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]}}}