{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T15:48:05Z","timestamp":1792511285660,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697068800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Biosoc. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>As the proportion of women being victims of spousal violence in India is higher than men, laws are usually framed to safeguard women. However, men who have experienced physical spousal violence are not unheard of. The study aims to provide the nationwide prevalence of physical violence against husbands and the risk factors for such violence, using large-scale nationally representative \u2018National Family Health Survey\u2019 (NFHS 4) data. The study used descriptive, bivariate, logistic, and multilevel regression models with a random intercept clustering within states and households to explain the physical violence against husband. Sample size for the analysis was 62,716 currently married women aged 15\u201349 years. Findings revealed that in most of the states of India, physical spousal violence has increased over time. Behavioural characteristics like marital control, alcoholism, and childhood experience of parental violence have a consistent and strong role in explaining the experience of physical violence across states. With age, experience of violence against husbands increases. Differences in socio-economic characteristics do not have unidirectional effect on violence experienced by husbands across regions of India. Working women who are earning cash and having access to mobile phones perpetrate more physical violence in selected regions. Education shows a gradient on such violence perpetration, indicating that only after achieving a certain level of education, chances of violence reduce. Regionally contrasting social and economic risk factors in explaining violence strengthen the argument that violence is space and culture-specific, and development alone may not resolve violence unless the system is addressing the behavioural aspects. There is a need for supporting men experiencing domestic violence within the existing system facilities. Revisiting the present domestic violence laws and programmes for inclusivity is the need of the hour.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0021932023000196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T04:59:40Z","timestamp":1697086780000},"page":"391-411","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Prevalence and risk factors of physical violence against husbands: evidence from India"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Aparajita","family":"Chattopadhyay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0169-5567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santosh","family":"Kumar Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9759-1120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deepanjali","family":"Vishwakarma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suresh","family":"Jungari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajcp.12249"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7454-1"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2003.019604"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260520957681"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-009-9240-9"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref27","unstructured":"Dasra (2014). Dasra | No Private Matter: Confronting Domestic Violence. https:\/\/www.dasra.org\/resource\/confronting-domestic-violence"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932007001836"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-03994-3_8"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref18","unstructured":"Campbell, D (2010). More than 40% of domestic violence victims are male, report reveals. The Observer. https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2010\/sep\/05\/men-victims-domestic-violence"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-08825-z"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref72","article-title":"Role of women\u2019s empowerment in determining child stunting in Eastern India and Bangladesh","volume":"3","author":"Siddhanta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Social Science Spectrum"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref82","volume-title":"An Investigation into the Trend of Domestic Violence on Men: The Case of South Africa (SSRN Scholarly Paper 3435840)","author":"Thobejane","year":"2019"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2631831819894176"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.4103\/ijcm.IJCM_222_18","article-title":"A cross-sectional study of gender-based violence against men in the rural area of Haryana, India","volume":"44","author":"Malik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine: Official Publication of Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref58","unstructured":"NCADV (2010). NCADV | National Coalition against Domestic Violence. National Statistics Domestic Violence Fact Sheet. https:\/\/ncadv.org\/STATISTICS"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref89","volume-title":"Domestic Abuse of Women and Men in Ireland: Report on the National Study of Domestic Abuse","author":"Watson","year":"2005"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932020000498"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-011-9375-3"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30845\/ijhss.v9n3p7"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30261-9"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref90","unstructured":"WHO (2018a). Violence against Women Prevalence Estimates. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications-detail-redirect\/9789240022256"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref40","unstructured":"IIPS, & ICF (2007). The DHS Program\u2014India: Standard DHS, 2006. https:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/methodology\/survey\/survey-display-264.cfm"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5468\/ogs.20211"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_62_18"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801220971360"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18063\/IJPS.2016.02.001"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019995"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref46","first-page":"1","article-title":"Violence against women in urban slums of India: a review of two decades of research","volume":"17","author":"Jungari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Global Public Health"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15328031US0104_02"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2015.1119293"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebo.2021.04.038"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sifp.12193"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref59","unstructured":"NDTV (2023). \u201cOne-Sided Picture\u201d: Supreme Court On Petition On Suicide By Married Men. NDTV.Com. https:\/\/www.ndtv.com\/india-news\/one-sided-picture-supreme-court-on-petition-on-suicide-by-married-men-4173274"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30153-5"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref30","unstructured":"Encyclopedia (2022). Manly (Masculine) Woman | Encyclopedia.com. https:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/social-sciences\/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps\/manly-masculine-woman"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2005.01.009"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref19","article-title":"\u201cWe Learn How to Become Good Men\u201d: working with male allies to prevent violence against women and girls in urban informal settlements in Mumbai, India","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2018","journal-title":"Men and Masculinities"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/wbro\/lky002"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref42","unstructured":"IIPS\/India, I. I. for P. S.-, & ICF (2017). India National Family Health Survey NFHS-4 2015\u201316. https:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/publications\/publication-fr339-dhs-final-reports.cfm"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25159\/1016-8427\/4304"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref5","volume-title":"Family, Domestic and Sexual Violence in Australia 2018","year":"2018"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref43","unstructured":"Jain, R (2020). India to have 966 million mobile users by 2023 but less than 5% will have 5G: Report. Business Insider. https:\/\/www.businessinsider.in\/tech\/mobile\/news\/india-to-have-966-million-mobile-users-by-2023-but-less-than-5-will-have-5g-report\/articleshow\/74202680.cms"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07418820903130823"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2021.105688"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref28","unstructured":"Desai, D (2017). When husbands are victims of domestic violence. The Times of India. https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/life-style\/relationships\/love-sex\/when-husbands-are-victims-of-domestic-violence\/articleshow\/26031858.cms"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69523-8"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref8","first-page":"1","article-title":"A qualitative study to investigate male victims\u2019 experiences of female-perpetrated domestic abuse in Jordan","author":"Alsawalqa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Current Psychology"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-022-01703-3"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260510390951"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-014-0158-z"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref13","first-page":"ix","volume-title":"Aggression: A Social Learning Analysis","author":"Bandura","year":"1973"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-009-9298-4"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.09.026"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-021-00267-4"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref69","unstructured":"Shakti, BS (2017). Tackling Violence against Women: A Study of State Intervention Measures: A comparative study of impact of new laws, crime rate and reporting rate, Change in awareness level, 357. https:\/\/wcd.nic.in\/sites\/default\/files\/Final%20Draft%20report%20BSS_1.pdf"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v5.24496"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08974454.2019.1661934"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539509343949"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref80","volume-title":"Two Sides to Domestic Violence","year":"2005"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fhumd.2021.697331"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-017-1023-4"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2018.1427276"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221049"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref70","unstructured":"Sharma, K (2021). Men and mental health: why \u2018man-up\u2019 is not the answer. The Times of India. https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/life-style\/health-fitness\/de-stress\/men-and-mental-health-why-man-up-is-not-the-answer\/articleshow\/81229694.cms"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref78","first-page":"1","article-title":"Physical intimate partner violence in India: how much does childhood socialisation matter?","volume":"0","author":"Sinha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian Population Studies"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-015-9784-9"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref87","first-page":"1","article-title":"Exploring the trend of violence against women in India","volume":"41","author":"Verma","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref85","unstructured":"United Nations (2014). Guidelines on Producing Statistics on Violence against Women: Statistical Surveys | Department of Economic and Social Affairs. https:\/\/www.un.org\/development\/desa\/cdpmo\/tools\/2020\/guidelines-producing-statistics-violence-against-women-statistical-surveys"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-006-8991-0"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15128.1"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref15","volume-title":"Intimate Partner Violence In the United States \u2013 2010","author":"Breiding","year":"2014"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10926770903103099"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref41","volume-title":"National Family Health Survey, 2015\u201316","year":"2017"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2375-4435.1000171"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tjaden, P and Thoennes, N (2000). Full Report of the Prevalence, Incidence, and Consequences of Violence against Women. https:\/\/stacks.cdc.gov\/view\/cdc\/21948","DOI":"10.1037\/e514172006-001"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref12","volume-title":"Exploring the Low Rates of Reporting Domestic Violence in Bihar, India","author":"Bajwa","year":"2019"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref50","first-page":"534","article-title":"Domestic violence against men\u2014prevalence and risk factors","volume":"117","author":"Kolbe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Deutsches \u00c4rzteblatt International"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027738"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2017.02.027"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02560046.2013.766972"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519879259"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijsw.12214"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.10.016"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932011000502"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref91","unstructured":"WHO (2018b). WHO: Addressing Violence against Women: Key Achievements and Priorities. https:\/\/apo.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/who-addressing-violence-against-women-key-achievements-and-priorities"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-019-3817-2"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2224-3151.206926"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref63","unstructured":"Quasim, F and Vemuru, V (2019). Examining the Relationship Between Women\u2019s Empowerment and Gender-Based Violence: The Case of the Nigeria For Women Project. https:\/\/blogs.worldbank.org\/africacan\/examining-relationship-between-women-empowerment-and-gender-based-violence-nigeria"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-021-00684-3"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref66","unstructured":"Sandhu, JS (2020). Chandigarh: 1,774 men called helpline in April, alleged domestic violence, says NGO. The Indian Express. https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/cities\/chandigarh\/chandigarh-1774-men-called-helpline-in-april-alleged-domestic-violence-says-ngo\/"},{"key":"S0021932023000196_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/vio0000074"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biosocial Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0021932023000196","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T14:19:08Z","timestamp":1730297948000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0021932023000196\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0021932023000196"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0021932023000196","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9320","1469-7599"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9320","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7599","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]]}}}