{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:36:09Z","timestamp":1792798569977,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,11]],"date-time":"2012-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1347321600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dairy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The prevalence of bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) was determined in 113 Michigan dairy herds by ELISA testing for anti-BLV antibodies in milk. Additionally, an interview regarding management practices with cooperating herd managers identified farm-level variables thought to be associated with prevalence of BLV. Twenty-three risk factors (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2a7d\u00a00\u00b71) were identified on one-way ANOVA or simple linear regression. Multivariate analysis identified several management practices whose predictive value for increased prevalence of BLV may relate to transmission among herd mates, e.g. reuse of hypodermic needles, lack of fly control, gouge dehorning and increased use of injections in dry cows. Additionally, exclusive breeding of heifers with artificial insemination was associated with decreased BLV prevalence, as compared with at least some use of natural service by a bull. Although intervention studies are needed before causal relationships can be concluded, and unaccounted variables related to transmission exist among dairy herds, these findings suggest management practices that may help dairy producers reduce the transmission of BLV within their herds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022029912000520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,11]],"date-time":"2012-09-11T09:49:13Z","timestamp":1347356953000},"page":"445-450","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Herd-level determinants of bovine leukaemia virus prevalence in dairy farms"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Ronald J","family":"Erskine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul C","family":"Bartlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd 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Medicine"},{"key":"S0022029912000520_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.14.6538"},{"key":"S0022029912000520_ref2","first-page":"827","article-title":"Absence of bovine leukosis virus in semen of seropositive bulls","volume":"188","author":"Choi","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"S0022029912000520_ref8","unstructured":"European Commission 2003 \u2018European Commission Decision 2003\/467\/EC and its further amendments declare also the whole territories of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Germany, Spain, Finland, France, Ireland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the Slovak Republic plus a great deal of the territory of Italy and Poland as officially free of BLV\u2019. 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