{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:43:24Z","timestamp":1781743404779,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,11]],"date-time":"2013-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362960000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dairy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>High fat dairy products, such as butter and margarine can be contaminated during the milk production process with a residue called Trichloromethane (TCM), which results from the use of chlorine based detergent solutions. Although, TCM concentrations in Irish products are not at levels that are a public health issue, such contamination can cause marketing difficulties in countries to which Irish products are being exported. In an attempt to reduce such milk residues, a template procedure was developed, tried and tested on 43 farms (from 3 processing companies). This involved identifying farms with high TCM milk, applying corrective action in the form of advice and recommendations to reduce TCM and re-measuring milks from these farms. Trichloromethane in milk was measured by head-space gas chromatography with electron capture detector. The TCM reduction strategy proved successful in significantly reducing the levels in milk in the farms tested, e.g. TCM was reduced from 0\u00b7006 to the target of 0\u00b7002 mg\/kg (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b705). The strategy was then applied to farms who supplied milk to six Irish dairy processors with the objective of reducing TCM in those milks to a level of \u2a7d0\u00b7002 mg\/kg. Initially, milk tankers containing milks from approximately 10\u201315 individual farms were sampled and analysed and tankers with high TCM (&gt;0\u00b7002 mg\/kg) identified. Individual herd milks contributing to these tankers were subsequently sampled and analysed and farms supplying high TCM identified. Guidance and advice was provided to the high TCM milk suppliers and levels of TCM of these milk supplies were monitored subsequently. A significant reduction (minimum <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b705) in milk TCM was observed in 5 of the 6 dairy processor milks, while a numerical reduction in TCM was observed in the remaining processor milk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022029913000113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,11]],"date-time":"2013-03-11T09:42:14Z","timestamp":1362994934000},"page":"184-189","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Strategy for the reduction of Trichloromethane residue levels in farm bulk milk"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Siobhan","family":"Ryan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Gleeson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kieran","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ambrose","family":"Furey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"O'Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernadette","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022029913000113_ref14","unstructured":"Reinemann DJ , Wolters GMVH , Billon P , Lind O & Rasmussen MD 2003 Review of practices for cleaning and sanitation of milking machines. International Dairy Federation, Brussels, Belgium, Bulletin No 381\/2003 pp. 4\u201348"},{"key":"S0022029913000113_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2010.03.007"},{"key":"S0022029913000113_ref5","first-page":"32","article-title":"The quality of water intended for human consumption, 98\/83\/EC","year":"1998","journal-title":"Official Journal of the European Communities"},{"key":"S0022029913000113_ref17","first-page":"1471","article-title":"Evaluation of Trichloromethane formation from chlorine based cleaning and disinfection agents in cow's milk","author":"Ryan","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Dairy Technology"},{"key":"S0022029913000113_ref12","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Teagasc, Milk Quality Handbook","author":"O'Brien","year":"2009"},{"key":"S0022029913000113_ref3","unstructured":"Codex Alimentarius Commission 2002 Codex committee on food additives and contaminants. 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In Proceedings Pacific Dairy Congress, Nagano, Japan, 14th Nov 2003"},{"key":"S0022029913000113_ref18","unstructured":"Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) Institute Inc. 100 SAS Campus Drive, Cary, NC 27513\u20132414, USA"},{"key":"S0022029913000113_ref9","first-page":"171","article-title":"Food safety and quality assurance: foods of animal origin","volume":"8","author":"Hubbert","year":"1996","journal-title":"Iowa State University Press"},{"key":"S0022029913000113_ref11","first-page":"661","article-title":"The composition of neutral volatile constituents of sour cream butter","volume":"37","author":"Mick","year":"1982","journal-title":"Milchwissenschaft"},{"key":"S0022029913000113_ref2","volume-title":"Society of Dairy Technology","author":"Tamime","year":"2008"},{"key":"S0022029913000113_ref19","first-page":"686","article-title":"Model tests for the formation of TCM by chlorine containing cleaning and disinfection products","volume":"52","author":"Tiefel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Milchwissenschaft"},{"key":"S0022029913000113_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gleeson D & O'Brien B 2010 Investigation of milking equipment cleaning procedures in three geographical areas where milk chemical residues were identified in bulk milk. In Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science and Agricultural Research Forum, Belfast, 13th April, p. 296","DOI":"10.1017\/S2040470010004395"},{"key":"S0022029913000113_ref10","first-page":"131","volume":"73","year":"1999","journal-title":"Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans"},{"key":"S0022029913000113_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0303159"},{"key":"S0022029913000113_ref15","first-page":"418","article-title":"Chloroform in milk and dairy products. A: analysis of chloroform using static headspace gas chromatography","volume":"95","author":"Resch","year":"1999","journal-title":"Deutsche Lebensmittel-Rundschau"},{"key":"S0022029913000113_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr60052a001"},{"key":"S0022029913000113_ref1","unstructured":"Chlorine Chemistry Division of the American Chemistry Council 2002 Chlorine and Food Safety White Paper (www.americanchemistry.com)"},{"key":"S0022029913000113_ref16","first-page":"9","article-title":"Chloroform in milk and dairy products. B: transfer of chloroform from cleaning and disinfection agents to dairy products via CIP","volume":"96","author":"Resch","year":"2000","journal-title":"Deutsche Lebensmittel-Rundschau"}],"container-title":["Journal of Dairy Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022029913000113","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]],"date-time":"2019-04-23T22:00:24Z","timestamp":1556056824000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022029913000113\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,11]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022029913000113"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022029913000113","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0299","1469-7629"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0299","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7629","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,11]]}}}