{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,4]],"date-time":"2025-05-04T18:10:08Z","timestamp":1746382208271,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,17]],"date-time":"2014-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410912000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dairy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Domestic cattle have limited cardiopulmonary reserve for their body size and oxygen requirements. Therefore, it is plausible that impaired alveolar-arterial gas exchange may be detrimental to energetically expensive traits such as milk production which, like all aerobic processes, requires oxygen. The degree of alveolar-arterial oxygen transfer impairment can be determined by estimating the alveolar-arterial oxygen (A-a O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) pressure gradient from arterial blood-gas tensions. The degree of oxygen transfer impairment is proportional to the A-a O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>pressure gradient: the higher the A-a O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>pressure gradient the less oxygen is transferred to the blood for a given ventilation rate. In this study two cohorts of Holstein-Friesian heifers were followed on one northern Colorado dairy farm. Arterial blood-gas analyses were performed up to 9\u00a0d post-calving. Heifers were grouped into quartiles based on A-a O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>pressure gradient so that relative comparisons could be made. Heifers in the lowest (Q<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) and highest (Q<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>) quartile had the least and greatest impairment of alveolar-arterial oxygen transfer, respectively. We hypothesised that milk yield over 60\u00a0d would be greatest for heifers in Q<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>and would decrease with quartile increments. Hyperventilation, as indicated by hypocapnia, was notable. Despite hypoxia, haematocrit was low. Alveolar-arterial O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>pressure gradient was associated with milk production (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b703) when controlling for cohort, treatment for disease and calving difficulty score. Heifers in Q<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>produced 1992 kg (95% CI=1858, 2127\u00a0kg) of milk when controlling for all other variables. Relative to heifers in Q<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, heifers in Q<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, Q<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>and Q<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>produced 130\u00a0kg (95% CI=313, \u221252\u00a0kg; P=0\u00b745), 285\u00a0kg (95% CI=474, 96\u00a0kg; P=0\u00b7004) and 169\u00a0kg (95% CI=395, \u221257\u00a0kg; P=0.14) less milk, respectively. In conclusion, efficacy of alveolar-arterial oxygen transfer was associated with milk yield in dairy heifers on one farm at moderate altitude.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022029914000430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,17]],"date-time":"2014-09-17T14:41:40Z","timestamp":1410964900000},"page":"434-439","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impaired alveolar-arterial oxygen transfer is associated with reduced milk yield in primiparous post-partum dairy heifers at moderate altitude"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Joseph M","family":"Neary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franklyn B","family":"Garry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022029914000430_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2012.10.035"},{"key":"S0022029914000430_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1935(91)90047-Q"},{"key":"S0022029914000430_ref33","first-page":"555","article-title":"Anatomy and physiology of bovine respiratory system relating to pulmonary disease","volume":"68","author":"Veit","year":"1978","journal-title":"Cornell Veterinarian"},{"key":"S0022029914000430_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2008.02.001"},{"key":"S0022029914000430_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2754\/avb200271030289"},{"key":"S0022029914000430_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)31756-9","article-title":"Influence of dietary fat on some metabolic responses of cattle to fasting","volume":"39","author":"O'Kelly","year":"1985","journal-title":"Research in Veterinary Science"},{"key":"S0022029914000430_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1985.46.03.711","article-title":"Effects of endotoxemia on lung water and hemodynamics in conscious calves","volume":"46","author":"Olson","year":"1985","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"S0022029914000430_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ham.2008.1099"},{"key":"S0022029914000430_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003356100002427","article-title":"Relationship of components of the body among mature cows as related to size, lactation potential and possible effects on productivity","volume":"43","author":"Jenkins","year":"1986","journal-title":"Animal Science"},{"key":"S0022029914000430_ref22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pulmonary arterial pressures, arterial blood-gas tensions and serum biochemistry of beef calves born and raised at high altitude","volume":"5","author":"Neary","year":"2013","journal-title":"Open Access Journal of Animal Physiology"},{"key":"S0022029914000430_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjaceaccp\/mkh033"},{"key":"S0022029914000430_ref10","first-page":"15","article-title":"Pulmonary structure and function in adult dairy cows with an expanded lung field","volume":"55","author":"Gallivan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"S0022029914000430_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(81)82675-6"},{"key":"S0022029914000430_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(96)76472-X"},{"key":"S0022029914000430_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.61.1.260","article-title":"Pulmonary gas exchange in humans exercising at sea level and simulated altitude","volume":"61","author":"Wagner","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"volume-title":"Pulmonary Function in Healthy, Exercising and Diseased Animals","year":"1993","author":"Lekeux","key":"S0022029914000430_ref17"},{"key":"S0022029914000430_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(03)73803-X"},{"key":"S0022029914000430_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)31722-3","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in Friesian calves: physiological findings","volume":"39","author":"Lekeux","year":"1985","journal-title":"Research in Veterinary Science"},{"key":"S0022029914000430_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.10.2.172"},{"key":"S0022029914000430_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(02)74304-X"},{"key":"S0022029914000430_ref21","unstructured":"NASS 2013 Cattle (February 2013). 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