{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T14:45:14Z","timestamp":1774536314164,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,27]],"date-time":"2015-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424995200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dairy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The tetracyclines (TCs) are widely used in the treatment of several diseases of cattle and their residues may be present in milk. To control these residues it is necessary to have available inexpensive screening methods, user-friendly and capable of analysing a high number of samples. The purpose of this study was to design a bioassay of microbiological inhibition in microtiter plates with spores of<jats:italic>Bacillus pumilus<\/jats:italic>to detect TCs at concentrations corresponding to the Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs). Several complementary experiments were performed to design the bioassay. In the first study, we determined the concentration of spores that produce a change in the bioassay's relative absorbance in a short time period. Subsequently, we assessed the concentration of chloramphenicol required to decrease the detection limit (DL) of TCs at MRLs levels. Thereafter, specificity, DL and cross-specificity of the bioassay were estimated. The most appropriate microbiological inhibition assay had a<jats:italic>B. pumilus<\/jats:italic>concentration of 1\u00b76\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\u00a0spores\/ml, fortified with 2500\u00a0\u03bcg chloramphenicol\/l (CAP) in Mueller Hinton culture medium using brilliant black and toluidine blue as redox indicator. This bioassay detected 117\u00a0\u03bcg chlortetracycline\/l, 142\u00a0\u03bcg oxytetracycline\/l and 105\u00a0\u03bcg tetracycline\/l by means of a change in the indicator's colour in a period of 5\u00a0h. The method showed good specificity (97\u00b79%) which decreased slightly (93\u00b73%) in milk samples with high somatic cell counts (&gt;250\u00a0000\u00a0cells\/ml). Furthermore, other antimicrobials studied (except neomycin) must be present in milk at high concentrations (from &gt;5 to &gt;100 MRLs) to produce positive results in this assay, indicating a low cross specificity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022029915000138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,27]],"date-time":"2015-02-27T07:51:13Z","timestamp":1425023473000},"page":"248-255","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Microbiological bioassay using<i>Bacillus pumilus<\/i>to detect tetracycline in milk"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Melisa","family":"Tumini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Orlando Guillermo","family":"Nagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael Lisandro","family":"Althaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022029915000138_ref25","first-page":"269","article-title":"Detection of b-lactam antibiotics in milk by the penzym-test","volume":"51","author":"Suhren","year":"1996","journal-title":"Milchwissenschaft-Milk Science International"},{"key":"S0022029915000138_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1993.202.08.1249","article-title":"Field trial of four cowside antibiotic residue screening test","volume":"202","author":"Sischo","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"S0022029915000138_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.1996.tb00251.x"},{"key":"S0022029915000138_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2007.08.002"},{"key":"S0022029915000138_ref19","first-page":"15","article-title":"Limitations of standard antibiotic screening assays when applied to milk for cheesemaking","volume":"56","author":"Packham","year":"2001","journal-title":"Australian Journal Dairy Technology"},{"key":"S0022029915000138_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idairyj.2013.04.004"},{"key":"S0022029915000138_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2010.02990.x"},{"key":"S0022029915000138_ref15","first-page":"36","article-title":"Effect of chloramphenicol on a bioassay response for the detection of tetracycline residues in milk","volume":"17","author":"Nagel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Food and Drug Analysis"},{"key":"S0022029915000138_ref14","first-page":"177","volume-title":"Residues of Antimicrobial Drugs and Other Inhibitors in Milk","author":"Luitz","year":"1995"},{"key":"S0022029915000138_ref13","volume-title":"The Firmicutes in Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology","author":"Logan","year":"2009"},{"key":"S0022029915000138_ref12","volume-title":"Current Situation and Compilation of Commercially Available Screening Methods for the Detection of Inhibitors\/Antibiotics Residues in Milk","year":"2010"},{"key":"S0022029915000138_ref11","volume-title":"Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"78","author":"Hlavka","year":"1985"},{"key":"S0022029915000138_ref10","volume-title":"Antibiotics in Milk: Actual Situation and Compilation of Commercial Available Screening Methods for the Detection of Inhibitors\/Antibiotics Residues in Milk","author":"Diserens","year":"2005"},{"key":"S0022029915000138_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-005-0048-2"},{"key":"S0022029915000138_ref7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Council Directive n\u00b0 37\/2010 of 22 December 2009 on pharmacologically active substances and their classification regarding maximum residue limits in foodstuffs of animal origin","volume":"15","year":"2009","journal-title":"Official Journal of the European Union"},{"key":"S0022029915000138_ref4","first-page":"224","volume-title":"Residues of Antimicrobial Drugs and Other Inhibitors in Milk","author":"Charm","year":"1995"},{"key":"S0022029915000138_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b301630g"},{"key":"S0022029915000138_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17221\/2438-CJFS"},{"key":"S0022029915000138_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2006.02.002"},{"key":"S0022029915000138_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2005.08.016"},{"key":"S0022029915000138_ref6","unstructured":"Codex Alimentarius 2010 Codex committee on residues of veterinary drugs in foods. 9th session of the 30 August \u2013 3 September 2010. Discussion paper on methods of analysis for residues of veterinary drugs in foods (CX\/RVDF 10\/19\/6). Vermont, USA. Avaliable on line: ftp:\/\/ftp.fao.org\/codex\/ccrvdf19\/rv19_06e.pdf"},{"key":"S0022029915000138_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(91)90095-O"},{"key":"S0022029915000138_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/29.3.245"},{"key":"S0022029915000138_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf052544w"},{"key":"S0022029915000138_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2010.03.015"},{"key":"S0022029915000138_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-009-2841-6"},{"key":"S0022029915000138_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.35.11.2306"}],"container-title":["Journal of Dairy Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022029915000138","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T12:52:37Z","timestamp":1717764757000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022029915000138\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,27]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022029915000138"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022029915000138","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0299","1469-7629"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0299","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7629","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,27]]}}}