{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T02:24:10Z","timestamp":1790735050166,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,6]],"date-time":"2015-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1436140800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dairy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The obligate intracellular pathogen <jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic> has long been considered the most heat resistant pathogen in raw milk, making it the reference pathogen for determining pasteurisation conditions for milk products. New milk formulations and novel non-thermal processes require validation of effectiveness which requires a more practical method for analysis than using the currently used animal model for assessing <jats:italic>Coxiella<\/jats:italic> survival. Also, there is an interest in better characterising thermal inactivation of <jats:italic>Coxiella<\/jats:italic> in various milk formulations. To avoid the use of the guinea pig model for evaluating <jats:italic>Coxiella<\/jats:italic> survival, an Integrated Cell Culture-PCR (ICC-PCR) method was developed for determining <jats:italic>Coxiella<\/jats:italic> viability in milk. Vero cell cultures were directly infected from <jats:italic>Coxiella<\/jats:italic>-contaminated milk in duplicate 24-well plates. Viability of the <jats:italic>Coxiella<\/jats:italic> in milk was shown by a \u22650\u00b75 log genome equivalent (ge)\/ml increase in the quantity of IS111a gene from the baseline post-infection (day 0) level after 9\u201311 d propagation. <jats:italic>Coxiella<\/jats:italic> in skim, 2%, and whole milk, and half and half successfully infected Vero cells and increased in number by at least 2 logs using a 48-h infection period followed by 9-d propagation time. As few as 125 <jats:italic>Coxiella<\/jats:italic> ge\/ml in whole milk was shown to infect and propagate at least 2 logs in the optimised ICC-PCR assay, though variable confirmation of propagation was shown for as low as 25 <jats:italic>Coxiella<\/jats:italic> ge\/ml. Applicability of the ICC-PCR method was further proven in an MPN format to quantitate the number of viable <jats:italic>Coxiella<\/jats:italic> remaining in whole milk after 60 \u00b0C thermal treatment at 0, 20, 40, 60 and 90 min.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022029915000400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,6]],"date-time":"2015-07-06T03:20:59Z","timestamp":1436152859000},"page":"478-484","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Quantitation of viable <i>Coxiella burnetii<\/i> in milk using an integrated cell culture-polymerase chain reaction (ICC-PCR) assay"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Diana","family":"Stewart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y-Carol","family":"Shieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Tortorello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankush","family":"Kukreja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arlette","family":"Shazer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Schlesser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022029915000400_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0212"},{"key":"S0022029915000400_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268806005978"},{"key":"S0022029915000400_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.5.2267-2268.2000"},{"key":"S0022029915000400_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.5.1869-1874.2003"},{"key":"S0022029915000400_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.138.17.411"},{"key":"S0022029915000400_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/595007"},{"key":"S0022029915000400_ref2","volume-title":"Bacteriological Analytical Manual","author":"Blodgett","year":"2010"},{"key":"S0022029915000400_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.4315\/0022-2747-24.11.351","article-title":"The pasteurization of cream, chocolate milk and ice cream mixes containing the organisms of Q fever","volume":"24","author":"Enright","year":"1961","journal-title":"Journal of Milk and Food Technology"},{"key":"S0022029915000400_ref8","volume-title":"Thermal Inactivation of Coxiella burnetii and its Relation to Pasteurization of Milk","author":"Enright","year":"1957"},{"key":"S0022029915000400_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2006.10.001"},{"key":"S0022029915000400_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/22.5.945"},{"key":"S0022029915000400_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.11-0023"},{"key":"S0022029915000400_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcp.2009.01.004"},{"key":"S0022029915000400_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1104.041036"},{"key":"S0022029915000400_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2010.0579"},{"key":"S0022029915000400_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.05.012"},{"key":"S0022029915000400_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.03.022"},{"key":"S0022029915000400_ref19","first-page":"189","volume-title":"Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 431 Bacterial Pathogenesis","author":"Shannon","year":"2008"},{"key":"S0022029915000400_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.6.3632-3636.2004"},{"key":"S0022029915000400_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2003.07.007"}],"container-title":["Journal of Dairy Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022029915000400","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,20]],"date-time":"2019-04-20T02:44:33Z","timestamp":1555728273000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022029915000400\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,6]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022029915000400"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022029915000400","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0299","1469-7629"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0299","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7629","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,6]]}}}