{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T04:35:18Z","timestamp":1793421318181,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]],"date-time":"2021-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620950400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dairy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of the study was to assess the effect of the summer thermal environment on physiological responses, behaviour, milk production and its composition on grazing dairy cows in a temperate climate region, according to the stage of lactation. Twenty-nine Holstein Friesian multiparous cows were randomly selected and divided into two groups, according to the days in milk, as mid-lactation (99 to 170 d in milk, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 15) and late lactation (225 to 311 d in milk, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 14). The comprehensive climate index (CCI) was used to classify the hour of each day as thermoneutral or heat stress, considering a threshold value of CCI of 20\u00b0C. Data were collected for 16 d (summer 2017) and analysed as a completely randomized 2 \u00d7 2 factorial arrangement with repeated measurements over time. Vaginal temperature increased with CCI \u2265 20\u00b0C. Respiration rates were dependent on the thermal condition, regardless of days in milk. There was an interaction between the time of day and the CCI category for activity and rumination. Grazing activity decreased by 17.6% but lying down, standing, and shaded animals increased by 1.6, 9.8, and 6.3% respectively when CCI \u2265 20\u00b0C. Over 80% of cows presented a panting score \u22651. However, milk production and composition (fat, protein, and lactose concentrations as well as somatic cell count) were not affected by the thermal condition, although there was a numerical (non-significant) decrease in afternoon milk protein concentration on days with CCI \u2265 20\u00b0C, while urea in milk increased. In conclusion, thermal condition challenged grazing dairy cows' behaviour and physiology independent of the stage of lactation but had little or no effect on milk production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022029921000406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]],"date-time":"2021-05-14T08:11:55Z","timestamp":1620979915000},"page":"154-161","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Use of the Comprehensive Climate Index to estimate heat stress response of grazing dairy cows in a temperate climate region"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Rodrigo A.","family":"Arias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Pablo","family":"Keim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Gandarillas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022029921000406_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/2005.8361377x"},{"key":"S0022029921000406_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1982.542309x"},{"key":"S0022029921000406_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2326"},{"key":"S0022029921000406_ref17","unstructured":"Collier, RJ , Hall, LW , Rungruang, S and Zimmerman, P (2012) Year Quantifying heat stress and its impact on metabolism and performance. in In Proceedings of the Proc. 23rd Annual Ruminant Nutrient Symposium"},{"key":"S0022029921000406_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(05)72790-9","article-title":"The interaction of strain of Holstein-Friesian cows and pasture-based feed systems on milk yield, body weight, and body condition score","volume":"88","author":"Horan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Dairy Science"},{"key":"S0022029921000406_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/2003.8171847x"},{"key":"S0022029921000406_ref7","first-page":"41","article-title":"Efecto del transporte de novillos gordos, alimentados con dos niveles de energ\u00eda metabolizable, sobre su temperatura timp\u00e1nica como un indicador de bienestar","volume":"44","author":"Arias","year":"2017","journal-title":"Agro Sur"},{"key":"S0022029921000406_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2008-1370"},{"key":"S0022029921000406_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4067\/S0301-732X2008000100002"},{"key":"S0022029921000406_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.22.1_supplement.1104.7"},{"key":"S0022029921000406_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731112001668"},{"key":"S0022029921000406_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.12375"},{"key":"S0022029921000406_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731115000877"},{"key":"S0022029921000406_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/2006.843712x"},{"key":"S0022029921000406_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731117001173"},{"key":"S0022029921000406_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2019.102484"},{"key":"S0022029921000406_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/1997.75126x"},{"key":"S0022029921000406_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2011.07.012"},{"key":"S0022029921000406_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-4484"},{"key":"S0022029921000406_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2006-298"},{"key":"S0022029921000406_ref56","unstructured":"Zimbelman, RB , Rhoads, RP , Rhoads, ML , Duff, GC , Baumgard, LH and Collier, JL (2009) Year A re-evaluation of the impact of temperature humidity index (THI) and black globe humidity index (BGHI) on milk production in high producing dairy cows. 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