{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T17:41:53Z","timestamp":1778607713014,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621296000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dairy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This research communication describes the lactating intramammary (IMM) antibiotic formulation most used by Irish dairy farmers at farm level through interviewing 202 dairy farmers. The IMM antibiotic usage data is not easily available to the researcher and farming community. This study determined that three commercial formulations (Synulox \u2122, Tetra Delta\u2122 and Terrexine) made up 81% of the products used at farm level. The formulation Synulox\u2122 was the most used at 34% first preference and 32% second preference and contains amoxicillin\/clavulanic, a standard broad spectrum antibiotic, for which mastitis pathogen resistance remains low. The aminoglycosides were used in four of the IMM formulations analysed, including Tetra Delta\u2122 and Terrexine. Of the 12 antibiotics identified in the IMM formulations studied, three including cefalexin, benzylpenicillin and penethamate are classified as highly important antibiotics (HIA) by the World Health Organisation (WHO) whilst the other 8 (dihydrostreptomycin, streptomycin, neomycin, framycetin, kanamycin, amoxicillin\/clavulanic acid, and cefquinome), are considered critically important (CIA) for use in human health. This study has generated knowledge of the preferences of lactating IMM formulations used at farm level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022029921000431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T10:30:32Z","timestamp":1621333832000},"page":"176-178","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Prevalence of intramammary antibiotic usage in dairy farming"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Niamh","family":"Burke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine C.","family":"Adley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022029921000431_ref3","first-page":"1","article-title":"European Union, Council Directive 92\/46\/EEC of 16 June 1992, laying down the health rules for the production and placing on the market of raw milk, heat-treated milk and milk-based products","year":"1992","journal-title":"Official Journal of the European Union"},{"key":"S0022029921000431_ref4","first-page":"1","article-title":"European Union, Commission regulation (EU) No 37\/2010 of 22 December 2009, on pharmacologically active substances and their classification regarding maximum residue limits in foodstuffs of animal origin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Official Journal of the European Union"},{"key":"S0022029921000431_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-0481-62-S4-S40"},{"key":"S0022029921000431_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2003028","article-title":"Monitoring udder health and milk quality using somatic cell counts (Review)","volume":"34","author":"Schukken","year":"2003","journal-title":"Veterinary Research"},{"key":"S0022029921000431_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13620-019-0154-4"},{"key":"S0022029921000431_ref11","unstructured":"Statista (2019) The biggest producers of milk in the world. Available at https:\/\/www.statista.com\/chart\/20110\/biggest-producers-of-milk-in-the-world\/ (07 July 2020)"},{"key":"S0022029921000431_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13023"},{"key":"S0022029921000431_ref12","unstructured":"WHO (2019) World Health Organisation. Critically important antimicrobials for human medicine. 6th revision. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.WHO Geneva. Availible at https:\/\/www.who.int\/foodsafety\/publications\/antimicrobials-sixth\/en\/ (30 June 2020)"},{"key":"S0022029921000431_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-12068"},{"key":"S0022029921000431_ref9","unstructured":"OIE (2018) World Organisation for Animal Health. List of antimicrobial agents of veterinary importance. Available at https:\/\/www.oie.int\/fileadmin\/Home\/eng\/Our_scientific_expertise\/docs\/pdf\/AMR\/A_OIE_List_antimicrobials_May2018.pdf (28 June 2020)"},{"key":"S0022029921000431_ref2","unstructured":"EMA (2019) European Medicine Agency. Categorisation of antibiotics in the European Union EMA\/CVMP\/CHMP\/682198\/2017. Available at https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/documents\/report\/categorisation-antibiotics-european-union-answer-request-european-commission-updating-scientific_en.pdf (23 June 2020)."},{"key":"S0022029921000431_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2018.00014"}],"container-title":["Journal of Dairy Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022029921000431","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]],"date-time":"2021-08-25T11:34:19Z","timestamp":1629891259000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022029921000431\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022029921000431"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022029921000431","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0299","1469-7629"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0299","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7629","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}}}