{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T18:40:31Z","timestamp":1781289631556,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]],"date-time":"2022-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661817600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT-Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, I.P.","award":["Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanid"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanid"]}]},{"name":"FCT-Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, I.P.","award":["Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para Ci\u00eancia Animal e Vete"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para Ci\u00eancia Animal e Vete"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Dairy Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This research paper aimed to evaluate the association between feeding waste milk to calves and the occurrence of antimicrobial multi-resistance by extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes through determining their production by <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolates from 32 dairy farms. Among \u03b2-lactamase enzymes, ESBL provide resistance to a wide variety of \u03b2-lactam antimicrobials including penicillin and 2nd, 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins. Feeding waste milk to calves has been observed to lead to increased antimicrobial resistance in faecal isolates of calves. In each farm included in this study, faecal samples were collected from the rectum of five healthy calves in the first month of life and pooled into a single container. Five isolates from each pool were selected and confirmed to be <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> by amplification of the 16S rRNA gene. ESBL production was confirmed phenotypically on 148 isolates from 31 farms by use of the double-disk synergy test. Genotypic confirmation of ESBL production was performed by PCR for the genes blaCTX-M-1, \u22122, \u22128, \u22129 and blaCMY-2. A questionnaire was also performed and a mixed logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors for the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance. A negative binomial regression model was also used, in order to assess whether there was any association between certain farm management practices and the number of ESBL-producing <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolates from each farm. Phenotypic confirmation of ESBL production was obtained on 40 <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolates from 15 farms (48.4%), whereas genotypic confirmation was obtained on 55 isolates from 20 farms (64.5%). The use of three or more different intramammary antimicrobials to treat mastitis within the previous year significantly impacted the number of ESBL-producing <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolates; on farms that did so, there were more isolates in which ESBL-producing <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> was present, when compared to farms that had used less formulations within the same time span.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022029922000486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]],"date-time":"2022-08-30T11:20:55Z","timestamp":1661858455000},"page":"259-264","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Antimicrobial (ESBL) resistance genes in faecal <i>E. coli<\/i> of calves fed waste milk with antimicrobial 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