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Peer-reviewed publications addressing public perception of dairy cow welfare were retrieved from the Scopus database (searched in May 2025), yielding 107 studies that were examined through bibliometric and network analyses. They were then categorized, according to the perspective they addressed, into three stakeholder spheres: experts (those directly involved in the production chain), citizens and consumers. A dedicated content analysis of 73 documents further examined the citizen and consumer groups across three temporal phases: (i) the \u2018Lag phase\u2019 (up to 2012), marking the topic\u2019s emergence in scientific literature; (ii) the \u2018Naturalness phase\u2019 (2013\u20132019), characterized by consistent emphasis on dairy cows\u2019 and calves\u2019 right to express natural behaviours; and (iii) the \u2018Detailed phase\u2019 (from 2020), refining and broadening earlier themes. AW perceptions are intrinsically linked to the enabling of natural behaviours (e.g. pasture access, prolonged cow\u2013calf contact), whereas routine practices (e.g. early separation, hormone use, male calf culling) are generally viewed as exploitative. From the consumer\u2019s side, a willingness to pay a premium for welfare-assured products emerges, yet an attitude\u2013behaviour gap exists, as citizens\u2019 ethical stances may not fully translate into purchasing decisions due to price sensitivity. Notably, AW frequently supersedes environmental sustainability in consumer priorities, while evidence-based communication improves the acceptance of innovations (e.g. genetic modifications for welfare). Being based on a single database and excluding grey literature, the review nonetheless emphasizes the importance of stakeholder collaboration, transparent labelling and policy frameworks that align ethical expectations with farming realities and advocates targeted education to bridge knowledge gaps and support sustainable dairy systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s002202992610260x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T04:52:58Z","timestamp":1789015978000},"page":"1-18","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The public perception of animal welfare in dairy cow farming: a systematic literature review approach"],"prefix":"10.1017","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2179-0227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margherita","family":"Masi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01111rn36","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of 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