{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T01:42:39Z","timestamp":1649122959634},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1244160000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":11509,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>A further survey in East Caprivi, Chobe National Park, Okavango swamps and Kavango was undertaken in June 1976. No evidence of lechwe schistosomes was found in droppings of African buffalo (<jats:italic>Syncerus caffer<\/jats:italic>) nor baboons (<jats:italic>Papio ursinus<\/jats:italic>) living in lechwe habitats. It was thought that they were not capable of spreading or maintaining these parasites outside the confines of the known distribution of <jats:italic>Kobus<\/jats:italic> sp. The role of goats was equivocal but probably they too are poor hosts.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Kavango, an endemic area of <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>, was thought to be free of all animal schistosomes, thus confirming the hypotheses that (1) cattle and goats are poor hosts of the lechwe schistosomes and (2)<jats:italic>S. mattheei<\/jats:italic> was blocked from entering the territory by the presence of lechwe schistosomes in the surrounding areas. Evidence of schistosomes was not found in cattle and goats at Maun for the same reasons. The prevalence of <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> at Maun has increased alarmingly over the past 20 years with a simultaneous disappearance of lechwe from the area. <jats:italic>S. margrebowiei<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. leiperi<\/jats:italic> eggs were found in lechwe and tsessebe droppings some 80 km north of Maun.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A high proportion of children with negative excreta from \u201cnon-endemic\u201d areas in East Caprivi had positive CFT and\/or skin tests, suggestive of exposure to lechwe schistosomes resulting in a possible immunity to <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x00007689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T11:37:56Z","timestamp":1244201876000},"page":"327-336","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Further observations on the relationship and distribution of <i>Schistosoma margrebowiei<\/i> and <i>S. leiperi<\/i> in central southern Africa"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"R. J.","family":"Pitchford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Wolstenholme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X00007689_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(75)90126-1"},{"key":"S0022149X00007689_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(67)90159-9"},{"key":"S0022149X00007689_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00027590"},{"key":"S0022149X00007689_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00030480"},{"key":"S0022149X00007689_ref007","first-page":"9","article-title":"Notes on the more important worms of cattle, sheep and pigs in Northern Rhodesia.","author":"le Roux","year":"1931","journal-title":"Annual Bulletin Department of animal Health, Northern Rhodesia 1931"},{"key":"S0022149X00007689_ref006","first-page":"597","article-title":"Subsidios para o conhecimento dos bilharzioses em Angola.","volume":"13","author":"Janz","year":"1956","journal-title":"Anais Instituto de Medicina tropical"},{"key":"S0022149X00007689_ref005","first-page":"403","article-title":"Helminthes parasites de certain animaux domestiques et sauvages du Tchad.","volume":"17","author":"Graber","year":"1969","journal-title":"Bulletin of epizootic Diseases of Africa"},{"key":"S0022149X00007689_ref004","first-page":"767","article-title":"Bilharzia survey in the Eastern Caprivi, Northern Bechuanaland, and Northern South West Africa.","author":"Geldenhuys","year":"1967","journal-title":"South African Medical Journal"},{"key":"S0022149X00007689_ref008","first-page":"31","article-title":"List of helminths collected from mammals and birds in the Mazabuka area Northern Rhodesia.","author":"le Roux","year":"1931","journal-title":"Annual Report Department of animal Health, Northern Rhodesia 1931"},{"key":"S0022149X00007689_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1976.11687110"},{"key":"S0022149X00007689_ref003","first-page":"341","article-title":"The schistosomes of domestic ruminants in East Africa.","volume":"13","author":"Dinnik","year":"1965","journal-title":"Bulletin of epizootic Diseases of Africa"},{"key":"S0022149X00007689_ref001","article-title":"Schistosomes from wild ruminants in Botswana.","author":"Carmichael","year":"1977","journal-title":"Onderstepoort Journal of veterinary Research"},{"key":"S0022149X00007689_ref015","first-page":"405","article-title":"Observations on the ecology of Schistosoma mattheei, Veglia and le Roux 1929, in portion of the Kruger National Park and surrounding areas.","volume":"44","author":"Pitchford","year":"1973","journal-title":"Journal of the South African veterinary Association"},{"key":"S0022149X00007689_ref010","first-page":"57","article-title":"Some preliminary observations on schistosomes occurring in antelope in central southern Africa.","volume":"4","author":"Pitchford","year":"1974","journal-title":"Rhodesian veterinary Journal"},{"key":"S0022149X00007689_ref002","article-title":"Research on human bilharziasis in South Africa.","volume":"16","author":"de Meillon","year":"1956","journal-title":"Medizinische Klinik"}],"container-title":["Journal of Helminthology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022149X00007689","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,27]],"date-time":"2019-05-27T16:49:22Z","timestamp":1558975762000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022149X00007689\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1977,12]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022149X00007689"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022149x00007689","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-149X","1475-2697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-149X","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2697","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1977,12]]}}}