{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T02:16:35Z","timestamp":1692670595281},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1244160000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6487,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Because of the negative binomial distribution of filarial third stage larvae (L<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) in their vectors, under natural conditions only a few are usually transferred per bite. After an inoculation of 5 L<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> per animal into eight host animals at least one developed a long lasting patency based on one reproductive female only. After an inoculation of 15 L<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, three of eight animals developed long lasting patency, harbouring between two and five fertile females. The rates of adult stages recovered were 0\u00b743 and 0\u00b730 respectively. The parasitaemias of the six patent animals in both experimental groups increased with the number of reproductive females present (r=0\u00b789, p=&lt;0\u00b7005). All non-patent animals which were mf-negative in the pleural fluid and lung blood as well had a single sex or no worm load. In only one animal was there an apparently normal but non-reproductive pair of worms without any pathological alterations of the host animal. Encapsulated adult worms were found rarely, but independent of the final worm load or inoculation dose and always beside normal adults. In three of the 16 animals inoculated with 5 or 15 L<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> patency passed after 10\u201312 weeks p.i., in two others it seemed to pass soon. After inoculation of 30, 40 or 60 L<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> per animal patency passed early in about one half of 105 animals, when they were observed up to 24\u201336 weeks p.i. In conclusion all types of host defensive reactions are already visible after inoculation with such small doses. Nevertheless even a single inoculation of 5 L<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> may give rise to a patent animal and its microfilaraemia is sufficient for transmission under natural conditions. Higher inoculation doses increase the defensive reactions which nevertheless remain unable to destroy all invasive stages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x00010749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T15:14:34Z","timestamp":1244214874000},"page":"219-225","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Recovery of adult stages and microfilaraemia after low dose inoculation of third stage larvae of <i>Litomosoides carinii in Sigmodon hispidus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Wenk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"M\u00f6ssinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X00010749_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00927410"},{"key":"S0022149X00010749_ref013","first-page":"414","article-title":"The function of non circulating microfilariae: Litomosoides carinii (Nematoda: Filariodea)","volume":"93","author":"Wenk","year":"1986","journal-title":"Deutsche Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift"},{"key":"S0022149X00010749_ref012","first-page":"545","volume-title":"Statistische Auswertungsmethoden","author":"Sachs","year":"1972"},{"key":"S0022149X00010749_ref011","first-page":"270","article-title":"Fitting the negative binomial distribution to the frequency distributions of infective larvae of Litomosoides carinii and Onchocerca volvulus (Nematoda: Filarioidea) in their vectors Ornithonyssus bacoti (Acari: Gamasina) and Simulium damnosum s. I. (Diptera: Nematocera)","volume":"256","author":"Renz","year":"1983","journal-title":"Zentralblatt f\u00fcr Bakteriologie und Hygiene, A"},{"key":"S0022149X00010749_ref009","first-page":"429","article-title":"Extrinsische Entwicklung und Infektiosit\u00e4t der metazyklischen Larven von Litomosoides carinii (Nematoda: Filarioidea) in Sigmodon hispidus","volume":"75","author":"Nilsberg","year":"1988","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Angewandte Zoololgie"},{"key":"S0022149X00010749_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00927743"},{"key":"S0022149X00010749_ref007","unstructured":"Jaquet C. (1980) Litomosoides carinii (Travassos. 1919). Chandler. 1913 (Filarioidea) in Cotton Rats (Sigmodon hispidus, Say et Ord. 1825) and Jirds (Meriones unguiculatus, Mime-Edwards, 1867). Comparison of the Infection in Relation to the Immune Response. Thesis PhD, Neuchatel, CH. 113 pgs, 16 figs."},{"key":"S0022149X00010749_ref002","first-page":"49","article-title":"Quantitative relations in the extrinsic development of Dipetalonema viteae (Nematoda, Filarioidea) in the vector tick Ornithodorus moubata","volume":"73","author":"Barthold","year":"1986","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Angewandte Zoologie"},{"key":"S0022149X00010749_ref001","first-page":"55","article-title":"Influence of different inocula of Dipetalonema viteae on the development of infection in the jird Meriones unguiculatus","author":"Anuar","year":"1982","journal-title":"Proceedings 25 Seameo- Tropmed. Seminar"},{"key":"S0022149X00010749_ref006","unstructured":"Hoffmeister K. (1990) Invasion dynamics and early immune response of migrating larvae of Litomosoides carinii in Sigmodon hispidus. Thesis for Diploma in Biology. Erlangen, FRG."},{"key":"S0022149X00010749_ref005","unstructured":"Bleiholder B. (1983) Aufnahme und Entwicklung von Mikrofilarien (Litomosoides carinii, Nematoda, Filarioidea) bei F\u00fctterung des \u00dcbertr\u00e4gers am nat\u00fcrlichen Wirt und in vitro. Thesis for Diploma in Biology, Tuebingen, FRG."},{"key":"S0022149X00010749_ref010","first-page":"2","article-title":"Eine rationelle Methode zur quantitativen Infektion ad\u00e4quater Labortiere mit Litomosides carinii","volume":"23","author":"Petrany","year":"1972","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie"},{"key":"S0022149X00010749_ref004","first-page":"304","article-title":"Homologous and crossreacting immune response of the jird and Cotton rat against microfilariae of Dipetalonema viteae and Litomosoides carinii (Nematoda: Filarioidea)","volume":"39","author":"Bayer","year":"1988","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine and Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X00010749_ref003","unstructured":"Barthold E. & Wenk P. (1990) Influence of the inoculation dose on the recovery rate of Acanthocheilonema viteae after single and repeated inoculations in Meriones unguiculatus. 14th Meeting of the German Society for Parasitology, Marburg, 199O."},{"key":"S0022149X00010749_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1964.13.57"}],"container-title":["Journal of Helminthology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022149X00010749","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]],"date-time":"2019-05-17T20:39:27Z","timestamp":1558125567000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022149X00010749\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,9]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022149X00010749"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022149x00010749","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-149X","1475-2697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-149X","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2697","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,9]]}}}