{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T17:23:24Z","timestamp":1773422604231,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1244160000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7582,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The model of <jats:italic>Onchocerca lienalis<\/jats:italic> microfilariae (mf) injected into inbred CBA\/Ca mice was studied for its usefulness as an additional primary\/secondary drug screen for onchocerciasis. Invermectin, DEC, suramin, flubendazole, mebendazole, levamisole, Mel W, furapyrimidone, metrifonate, amoscanate and the new Ciba-Geigy compounds CGP 6140, CGP 20'376 and CGI 17658 all significantly reduced levels of mf at a dose of 5x100 mg\/kg or less. An early dosing protocol, on days 3\u20137 after infection, was found to be generally more effective than dosing on days 11\u201315, followed by necropsy on day 18. In some cases there were important differences in levels of drug activity depending on whether the drug was administered by the subcutaneous or oral route, indicating that new compounds should be tested via both routes. Ivermectin was by far the most active compound examined, virtually clearing mf from the skin at a dose of 5x0.0063 mg\/kg and producing a significant mf reduction (63.5%) at 5x0.008 mg\/kg following subcutaneous administration. In comparison, DEC was much less active, producing a 32.4% mf reduction at 5x25 mg\/kg ranging up to a maximum of 72% reduction at 5x100 mg\/kg. CGI 17658 was the most active compound examined next to ivermectin, almost 100% effective against skin mf at a dose of 5x6.25 mg\/kg via the oral route while being less effective via subcutaneous administration (65% reduction). The lowest effective dose examined was 5x3.13 mg\/kg (<jats:italic>per os<\/jats:italic>) which reduced mf levels by 64%. CGP 20'376 was also very active, resulting in a 46% (subcutaneous) and 62% (<jats:italic>per os<\/jats:italic>) reduction at a dose of 5x6.25 mg\/kg. This mouse model has clearly identified all the known microfilaricides examined and also, to a lesser extent, those compounds considered to be principally macrofilaricides. We believe it has value as an additional drug screen for onchocerciasis, which will enable the evaluation of novel compounds against skin-dwelling <jats:italic>Onchocerca<\/jats:italic> mf at the primary\/secondary level, providing complementary information to new <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> screens using adult <jats:italic>Onchocerca<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x00011494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T15:20:19Z","timestamp":1244215219000},"page":"181-194","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Chemotherapy of <i>Onchocerca lienalis<\/i> microfilariae in mice: a model for the evaluation of novel compounds for the treatment of onchocerciasis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Simon","family":"Townson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Dobinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Connelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Muller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X00011494_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1986.11812044"},{"key":"S0022149X00011494_ref021","first-page":"109","article-title":"Further trials of mebendazole and metrifonate in the treatment of onchocerciasis","volume":"60","author":"Kale","year":"1982","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"S0022149X00011494_ref026","first-page":"211","article-title":"In vitro study on the effect of the new chemotherapeutic agents CGP 6140 and CGP 20,376 on the microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus","volume":"38","author":"Strote","year":"1987","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine and Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X00011494_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00007380"},{"key":"S0022149X00011494_ref013","first-page":"347","article-title":"The effects of some avermectins on the growth of Brugia pahangi","volume":"4","author":"Denham","year":"1982","journal-title":"Methods and Findings in Experimental Clinical Pharmacology"},{"key":"S0022149X00011494_ref024","first-page":"419","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of furapyrimidone on Bancroftian filariasis","volume":"21","year":"1982","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"S0022149X00011494_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00027814"},{"key":"S0022149X00011494_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1974.11686944"},{"key":"S0022149X00011494_ref010","first-page":"375","article-title":"A comparison of the response of Dipetalonema viteae and Brugia pahangi adult worms to antifilarial agentsin vitro","volume":"37","author":"Court","year":"1986","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine and Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X00011494_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1982.11687567"},{"key":"S0022149X00011494_ref033","unstructured":"Who (1985a) Report of the 11th meeting of the scientific working group on filariasis on review of filaricide screening methods and results in relation to synthetic chemistry, biochemistry and toxicology held jointly with the Onchocerciasis Chemotherapy Project. 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III. Trials of suramin at different dosages and a comparison of the brands Antrypol, Moranyl and Naganol","volume":"39","author":"Duke","year":"1968","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"S0022149X00011494_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.62.7.440"},{"key":"S0022149X00011494_ref031","first-page":"74","article-title":"Screening antifilarial compounds against Onchocerca lienalis microfilariae in mice","volume":"38","author":"Townson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine and Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X00011494_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00005939"},{"key":"S0022149X00011494_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000052392"},{"key":"S0022149X00011494_ref017","first-page":"367","article-title":"Quelques observations concernent le pentylthiarsaphenyl-melamine (Mel W) dans le traitement des filarioses a O. volvulus et W. bancrofti","volume":"41","author":"Friedheim","year":"1961","journal-title":"Annals de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Belge de M\u00e9dicine Tropicale"},{"key":"S0022149X00011494_ref025","first-page":"281","volume-title":"Experimental Models in Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":"3","author":"Striebel","year":"1986"},{"key":"S0022149X00011494_ref034","unstructured":"Who (1985b) Origins and progress of the Onchocerciasis Chemotherapy Project (OCT). Publ. by the World Health Organization. OCP\/85.3."},{"key":"S0022149X00011494_ref022","first-page":"317","article-title":"Attempts to establish O. volvulus infection in primates and small laboratory animals","volume":"39","author":"Kozek","year":"1982","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"}],"container-title":["Journal of Helminthology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022149X00011494","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,20]],"date-time":"2019-05-20T19:14:40Z","timestamp":1558379680000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022149X00011494\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988,9]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022149X00011494"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022149x00011494","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-149X","1475-2697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-149X","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2697","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1988,9]]}}}