{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T15:04:21Z","timestamp":1648652661628},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1244160000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6761,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The direct action of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) on the infective larvae of <jats:italic>Brugia pahangi<\/jats:italic> was studied. The larvae were cultured in RPMI 1640 supplemented with foetal bovine serum and antibiotics for 22 days. Most of the larvae remained alive for 8 days, but survival rate of larvae decreased rapidly from day 10 onwards. The larvae did not grow in the culture system. The addition of DEC did not affect the morbidity of the larvae and no difference was observed in the morphological characteristics between the larvae cultured in the presence or absence of DEC.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The infective larvae were cultured <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> for 5 days in the presence or absence of DEC, and inoculated into jirds. The animals were necropsied at intervals, and developing larvae and adult worms were recovered. When the larvae were cultured without DEC and then inoculated subcutaneously into jirds, 29.8% of the inoculum was recovered 3\u201315 days, and 25% 19\u201322 weeks, post-inoculation. However, when the larvae were exposed to DEC <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and inoculated into jirds, the rate of recovery was reduced to 25% 3\u201315 days post-inoculation and 2% after 19\u201322 weeks. When the control larvae cultured <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> were inoculated intraperitoneally into jirds, 41\u00b73% of inoculum was recovered 3\u201315 days, and 42\u00b78% 19\u201322 weeks, post-inoculation. Again the corresponding value for larvae exposed to DEC <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> was reduced to 19.8% 3\u201315 days, and 8% 19\u201322 weeks, post-inoculation. It was observed that the larvae exposed to DEC <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> were retarded in their development in jirds. These results indicate that DEC has a direct action against the infective larvae of <jats:italic>B. pahangi<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x00012323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T15:15:42Z","timestamp":1244214942000},"page":"295-301","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Possible direct effect of diethylcarbamazine on the infective larvae of <i>Brugia pahangi<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Yasunori","family":"Fujimaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaaki","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshinori","family":"Mitsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eisaku","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X00012323_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1961.11686073"},{"key":"S0022149X00012323_ref016","first-page":"R1","article-title":"Diethylcarbamazine: a review of its action in onchocerciasis, lymphatic filariasis and inflammation","volume":"82","author":"Mackenzie","year":"1985","journal-title":"Tropical Diseases Bulletin"},{"key":"S0022149X00012323_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-3589(08)60244-6"},{"key":"S0022149X00012323_ref012","first-page":"74","article-title":"Plasma level of diethylcarbamazine in jirds and hamsters","volume":"15","author":"Kimura","year":"1984","journal-title":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health"},{"key":"S0022149X00012323_ref017","first-page":"221","article-title":"In vitro maintenance and filaricides test of Litomosoides carinii, the cotton rat filaria","volume":"17","author":"Matsuda","year":"1968","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X00012323_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(73)90072-6"},{"key":"S0022149X00012323_ref010","first-page":"217","article-title":"The mode of action of hetrazan on filarial worms","volume":"5","author":"Hawking","year":"1950","journal-title":"British Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"S0022149X00012323_ref020","first-page":"465","article-title":"Effect of diethylcarbamazine on third and fourth stage larvae of Brugia pahangi in Mongolian jird","volume":"32","author":"Shigeno","year":"1983","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X00012323_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3279784"},{"key":"S0022149X00012323_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00539583"},{"key":"S0022149X00012323_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3278767"},{"key":"S0022149X00012323_ref002","first-page":"113","article-title":"The activity of metrifonate against infective larvae and mammalian stages of Brugia pahangi","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica"},{"key":"S0022149X00012323_ref019","first-page":"71","article-title":"The effects of diethylcarbamazine, mebendazole and levamisole on Onchocerca volvulus in vivo and in vitro","volume":"35","author":"Rivas-Alcala","year":"1984","journal-title":"Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie"},{"key":"S0022149X00012323_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3277514"},{"key":"S0022149X00012323_ref011","first-page":"1314","article-title":"Experimental chemotherapy of filariasis. 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Effect of 1-diethylcarbamyl-4-methylpiperazine hydrochloride against naturally acquired filarial infection in cotton rats and dogs","volume":"32","author":"Hewitt","year":"1947","journal-title":"Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"S0022149X00012323_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1975.24.71"},{"key":"S0022149X00012323_ref008","first-page":"1079","article-title":"Effectors in vitro de la diethylcarbamazine sorbe Onchocerca volvulus","volume":"4","author":"Gonzalez-Barranco","year":"1962","journal-title":"Salud Publica de Mexico"},{"key":"S0022149X00012323_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1963.11686165"},{"key":"S0022149X00012323_ref013","first-page":"1257","article-title":"Prophylactic therapy against the developing stages of Dirofilaria immitis","volume":"23","author":"Kume","year":"1962","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"S0022149X00012323_ref014","first-page":"59","article-title":"The \u2018in vitro\u2019 effect of diethylcarbamazine on the motility and survival of Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae","volume":"31","author":"Langham","year":"1980","journal-title":"Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie"}],"container-title":["Journal of Helminthology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022149X00012323","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,18]],"date-time":"2019-05-18T19:38:22Z","timestamp":1558208302000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022149X00012323\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,12]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022149X00012323"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022149x00012323","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-149X","1475-2697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-149X","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2697","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,12]]}}}