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Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ecological changes in the Senegal River Basin (SRB) resulting from the construction of a barrage at Diama, Senegal on the Senegal River to prevent the intrusion of sea water into the river, and a dam at Manantali, Mali on the Bafing River to control the flow of water and to generate electricity, have been responsible for changes in the epidemiology of human schistosomiasis. The introduction of <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic> into the Lower and Middle Valleys of the SRB and subsequent spread of the parasite in the human population is recorded with regard to prevalence and intensity. New foci of <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic> are described. The reduction in salinity and change from an acidic to an alkaline environment in the water are beneficial to both the fecundity and growth of freshwater snails and transmission of the parasite. The creation of new irrigation canals and expansion of the rice fields have provided new habitats for intermediate hosts to colonize. The evidence for praziquantel resistance\/tolerance by populations of <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> and the possibilities of the development, production and testing of a vaccine against human schistosomiasis are discussed. Future studies will monitor the spread of human urinary and mesenteric schistosomiasis in the SRB, will evaluate further the presence of praziquantel resistance\/tolerance in <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>, will examine the heavily infected human population for pathological symptoms and determine the most appropriate methods to control this severe outbreak of human schistosomiasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x00015790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T14:59:58Z","timestamp":1244213998000},"page":"125-132","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Schistosomiasis in the Senegal River Basin: before and after the construction of the dams at Diama, Senegal and Manantali, Mali and future prospects"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"V.R.","family":"Southgate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X00015790_ref035","unstructured":"Wash Field Report No. 453 (1994) Senegal River Basin Health Master Plan. 163 pp. Prepared for the USAID Mission to Senegal under WASH Task No. 512."},{"key":"S0022149X00015790_ref033","first-page":"220","article-title":"Studies on transmission and schistosome interactions in Senegal, Mali and Zambia","volume":"46","author":"Vercruysse","year":"1994","journal-title":"Tropical and Geographical Medicine"},{"key":"S0022149X00015790_ref031","first-page":"8","volume":"50","year":"1996","journal-title":"Schistosomiasis vaccine: an update."},{"key":"S0022149X00015790_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(92)90562-Q"},{"key":"S0022149X00015790_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1995.53.167"},{"key":"S0022149X00015790_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1994.50.575"},{"key":"S0022149X00015790_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00222938500770801"},{"key":"S0022149X00015790_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(84)90093-2"},{"key":"S0022149X00015790_ref023","article-title":"Comparison of human and murine isolates of Schistosoma mansoni from Richard-Toll, Senegal, by isoelectric focusing","author":"S\u00e8ne","journal-title":"Journal of Helminthology."},{"key":"S0022149X00015790_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(93)90487-B"},{"key":"S0022149X00015790_ref021","first-page":"13","article-title":"Non human vertebrate hosts for Schistosoma mansoni and schistosomiasis transmission in Brazil","volume":"53","author":"Rey","year":"1993","journal-title":"Research and Reviews in Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X00015790_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(96)90501-5"},{"key":"S0022149X00015790_ref017","first-page":"181","volume-title":"Demography and vector borne diseases","author":"Malek","year":"1989"},{"key":"S0022149X00015790_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1996.54.586"},{"key":"S0022149X00015790_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1995.53.61"},{"key":"S0022149X00015790_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1994.51.83"},{"key":"S0022149X00015790_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(83)80025-3"},{"key":"S0022149X00015790_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(83)80025-3"},{"key":"S0022149X00015790_ref029","first-page":"173","article-title":"Outbreak of intestinal schistosomiasis in the Senegal River Basin","volume":"70","author":"Talla","year":"1990","journal-title":"Annales de la Societ\u00e9 Belge de M\u00e9decine Tropicale"},{"key":"S0022149X00015790_ref018","first-page":"85","article-title":"Hydrochemical factors limiting the distribution of Bulinus truncatus (Pulmonata; Planorbidae)","volume":"5","author":"Meir-Brook","year":"1987","journal-title":"American Malacological Bulletin"},{"key":"S0022149X00015790_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761992000900001"},{"key":"S0022149X00015790_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(94)90400-6"},{"key":"S0022149X00015790_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(96)10055-7"},{"key":"S0022149X00015790_ref015","unstructured":"Imbert-Establet D. (1986) Approche synth\u00e9tique du r\u00f4le des rongeurs sauvages dans la transmission de Schistosoma mansoni: R\u00e9sultats d\u00e9mographiques, \u00e9cologiques, immunologiques et g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques. Th\u00e8se de Doctoral d'Etat, Universit\u00e9 de Perpignan."},{"key":"S0022149X00015790_ref019","first-page":"279","volume-title":"Aspects of parasitology - a festschrift dedicated to the fiftieth anniversary of the Institute of Parasitology of McGill University 1932\u20131982","author":"Miller","year":"1982"},{"key":"S0022149X00015790_ref028","article-title":"Four years follow-up of hepatosplenic mobidity in a recently emerged focus of Schistosoma mansoni in northern Senegal","author":"Stelma","journal-title":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene."},{"key":"S0022149X00015790_ref006","unstructured":"De Clercq D. (1996) The epidemiology and control of human schistosomiasis and geohelminthiasis in Mali, West Africa. 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