{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T23:27:22Z","timestamp":1778887642553,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1244160000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":13245,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1973,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>1. 903 horses were examined at 3 abattoirs in South East England. 10(22\u20137%) of the horses at the London Colney abattoir, 23(13\u20139%) of those at the Braintree abattoir, Essex, and 90(12\u20139%) of those at the Islington abattoir, London, were infected with O.<jats:italic>cervicalis<\/jats:italic>. All 105 horses examined in Southern Ireland were found to be negative.<\/jats:p><jats:p>2. The adult worms of O.<jats:italic>cervicalis<\/jats:italic>were found without exception, in the ligamentum nuchae of infected horses. The suspensory ligaments of the fetlock and flexor tendons were always negative.<\/jats:p><jats:p>3. The microfilariae of O.<jats:italic>cervicalis<\/jats:italic>concentrate along the abdominal mid-line of the host. In 5 complete horse hides, 95% of the microfilariae were found within 6 inches of the linea alba. The examination of 31 other horses infected with O.<jats:italic>cervicalis<\/jats:italic>confirmed this pattern of microfilarial distribution.<\/jats:p><jats:p>4. The microfilariae were concentrated along the ventral mid-line, of the host; presumably an adaption to accommodate the habits of the vector C.<jats:italic>nubeculosus<\/jats:italic>, which bites preferentially in this area.<\/jats:p><jats:p>5. Seasonal variations in the number of microfilariae in horse skin, as reported by Japanese workers, was not observed. Evidence was found, however, to suggest that the microfilariae migrate into the deeper levels of the dermis during the Winter. Histological examination of infected horse skin showed that the microfilariae have a very uneven distribution in the dermis. They congregate together in isolated \u201cclumps\u201d or \u201cnests\u201d and are frequently found in close proximity to the sweat glands or hair follicles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x00023774","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T15:45:30Z","timestamp":1244216730000},"page":"97-110","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Studies on<i>Onchocerca cervicalis<\/i>Railliet and Henry 1910: I.<i>Onchocerca cervicalis<\/i>in British Horses"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Philip S.","family":"Mellor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X00023774_ref028","first-page":"323","article-title":"Distribution of the microfilariae of Onchocerca in the skin of cattle","volume":"41","author":"Venkataratnam","year":"1961","journal-title":"Ann. Soc. belge. Med. trop."},{"key":"S0022149X00023774_ref027","first-page":"298","article-title":"Skin lesions in cases of onchocerciasis in horses in the Northern Transvaal (Demonstration)","volume":"52","author":"Thomas","year":"1958","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"S0022149X00023774_ref025","first-page":"1563","article-title":"Fistulous withers and poll evil","volume":"15","author":"Steward","year":"1935","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"S0022149X00023774_ref023","unstructured":"Steward J. S. , 1933.\u2014\u201cOnchocerca cervicalis (Railliet and Henry 1910) and its development in Culicoides nubeculosus Meigen.\u201d Cam. Univ. Inst. Anim. Path. 3rd. Rep., 272."},{"key":"S0022149X00023774_ref022","first-page":"972","volume-title":"The Anatomy of the Domestic Animals","author":"Sisson","year":"1938"},{"key":"S0022149X00023774_ref021","first-page":"125","article-title":"Studies on skin microfilariasis in horses. III. Distribution and seasonal variation in number of microfilariae in the skin and its relation to parasitism of Onchocerca cervicalis","volume":"30","author":"Sasaki","year":"1955","journal-title":"Expl. Rep. natn. Inst. Anim. Hlth. Tokyo"},{"key":"S0022149X00023774_ref018","first-page":"1246","article-title":"The parasitic origin of poll evil and fistulous withers","volume":"11","author":"Pillers","year":"1931","journal-title":"Vet.Rec."},{"key":"S0022149X00023774_ref016","first-page":"58","article-title":"Filariose du ligament suspenseur du boulet chez le cheval","volume":"4","author":"Pader","year":"1901","journal-title":"Archs. Parasit."},{"key":"S0022149X00023774_ref015","volume-title":"A Treatise on the Parasites and Parasitic Diseases of the Domesticated Animals","author":"Neumann","year":"1892"},{"key":"S0022149X00023774_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(58)90087-7"},{"key":"S0022149X00023774_ref010","first-page":"566","article-title":"Etude des localisations des nodules dans l'onchocercose; leurs relations avec le lieu de piqure des simulies","volume":"24","author":"Lagraulet","year":"1964","journal-title":"Med. trop., Marseilles"},{"key":"S0022149X00023774_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4890.724"},{"key":"S0022149X00023774_ref024","unstructured":"Steward J. S. , 1933b.\u2014\u201cThe occurrence of Onchocerca cervicalis in cases of fistulous withers and poll evil.\u201d Cam. Univ. Inst. Anim. Path. 3rd. Rep., 285."},{"key":"S0022149X00023774_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000024756"},{"key":"S0022149X00023774_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00007136","article-title":"Studies on Onchocerca gutturosa (Neumann 1910) and its development in Simulium ornatum (Meigen 1818). I. Observations on O. gutturosa in cattle in South-East England","volume":"45","author":"Eichler","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Helminth."},{"key":"S0022149X00023774_ref002","first-page":"374","article-title":"Periodic ophthalmia and filariasis in horses","volume":"46","author":"Dimic","year":"1959","journal-title":"Wien. tierarztl. Mschr."},{"key":"S0022149X00023774_ref006","first-page":"161","volume-title":"Bull. natn. Inst. Anim. Hlth.","volume":"35","author":"Ishihara","year":"1958"},{"key":"S0022149X00023774_ref007","first-page":"59","article-title":"Histological changes in the skin of cattle due to Onchocerca","volume":"11","author":"Ivanov","year":"1964","journal-title":"Trudy vses. Inst. Gelmint."},{"key":"S0022149X00023774_ref019","first-page":"248","article-title":"Les onchocerques, nematodes parasites du tissue conjonctif","volume":"68","author":"Railliet","year":"1910","journal-title":"C.r. Seanc. Soc. Biol."},{"key":"S0022149X00023774_ref005","first-page":"721","article-title":"Microfilariasis in a pony","volume":"46","author":"Hiregoudar","year":"1969","journal-title":"Ind.vet.J."},{"key":"S0022149X00023774_ref009","first-page":"417","article-title":"L'etude des lesions oculaires dans l'Onchocerca cervicalis du cheval peut-elle apporter des donnees interessantes sur la pathogenie de l'onchocercose oculaire humaine?","volume":"55","author":"Lagraulet","year":"1962","journal-title":"Bull. Soc. Path, exot."},{"key":"S0022149X00023774_ref001","unstructured":"Caslick E. A. , 1923.\u2014\u201cFurther study of a parasite found in the ligamentum nuchae of equines.\u201d Rep. N.Y. St. vet. Coll.. for 1921\u20131922. Legal Document No. 32."},{"key":"S0022149X00023774_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)60254-7"},{"key":"S0022149X00023774_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(63)90390-8"},{"key":"S0022149X00023774_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(66)90164-7"},{"key":"S0022149X00023774_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3274571"},{"key":"S0022149X00023774_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00023981"},{"key":"S0022149X00023774_ref011","first-page":"449","article-title":"Simuliidae and their relation to human onchocerciasis in Northern Venezuela","volume":"27","author":"Lewis","year":"1962","journal-title":"Bull. Wld. Hlth. Org."}],"container-title":["Journal of Helminthology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022149X00023774","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T07:02:46Z","timestamp":1589871766000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022149X00023774\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1973,3]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1973,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022149X00023774"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022149x00023774","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-149X","1475-2697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-149X","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2697","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1973,3]]}}}