{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:32:18Z","timestamp":1788222738197,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]],"date-time":"2007-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1196467200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Biogenic amines regulate important behaviours in nematodes and are associated with pharyngeal activity in plant-parasitic nematodes. A robust behavioural assay based upon nematode body movements was developed to expand the study of these and other neuroregulators in plant-parasitic nematodes. Dopamine, octopamine and serotonin each had significant but differing effects on the behaviour of soybean cyst nematode <jats:italic>Heterodera glycines<\/jats:italic> and root-knot nematode <jats:italic>Meloidogyne incognita<\/jats:italic> juveniles. Body movement frequency was increased twofold in <jats:italic>H.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>glycines<\/jats:italic> by 5\u00a0mM dopamine (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0001), but decreased by 50\u00a0mM dopamine in <jats:italic>H. glycines<\/jats:italic> (88%) and <jats:italic>M. incognita<\/jats:italic> (53%) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;\u00a0 0.0001). Movement frequency in both species was increased by 50\u201370% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;\u00a0 0.0001) by 50\u00a0mM octopamine, and 5\u00a0mM octopamine increased <jats:italic>M. incognita<\/jats:italic> movement frequency more than twofold (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;\u00a0 0.0001). Movement frequency in each species was reduced by more than 90% by 5\u00a0mM serotonin (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;\u00a0 0.0001). While amplitude of body movement in <jats:italic>H. glycines<\/jats:italic> was unaffected by any amine, it was significantly reduced in <jats:italic>M.<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>incognita<\/jats:italic> by all amines (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;\u00a0 0.0006). Stylet pulsing frequencies in either species were unaffected by dopamine or octopamine, but 5\u00a0mM serotonin stimulated pulsing in <jats:italic>H. glycines<\/jats:italic> by nearly 13-fold (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;\u00a0 0.0001) and in <jats:italic>M. incognita<\/jats:italic> by more than 14-fold (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;\u00a0 0.0001). The invertebrate neuropeptide FLRFamide (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>-Phe-Leu-Arg-Phe) increased <jats:italic>M. incognita<\/jats:italic> body movement frequency 45% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02) at 1\u00a0mM but did not affect stylet activity. Finally, <jats:italic>H. glycines<\/jats:italic> egg hatch was completely suppressed by 50\u00a0mM serotonin, and partially suppressed by 50\u00a0mM dopamine (75%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0 0.0001) and 50 mM octopamine (55%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;\u00a0 0.0001).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x07850243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,16]],"date-time":"2007-11-16T09:09:29Z","timestamp":1195204169000},"page":"421-427","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Responses of <i>Heterodera glycines<\/i> and <i>Meloidogyne incognita<\/i> to exogenously applied neuromodulators"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"E.P.","family":"Masler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X07850243_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-1606(03)00447-0"},{"key":"S0022149X07850243_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-18-0615"},{"key":"S0022149X07850243_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182005009376"},{"key":"S0022149X07850243_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.01065.x"},{"key":"S0022149X07850243_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00227378"},{"key":"S0022149X07850243_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z01-135"},{"key":"S0022149X07850243_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2004.02.005"},{"key":"S0022149X07850243_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1402530305"},{"key":"S0022149X07850243_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-18-1099"},{"key":"S0022149X07850243_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851998183.0197"},{"key":"S0022149X07850243_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03268.x"},{"key":"S0022149X07850243_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(89)90205-3"},{"key":"S0022149X07850243_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-18-0621"},{"key":"S0022149X07850243_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.10014"},{"key":"S0022149X07850243_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.105.044495"},{"key":"S0022149X07850243_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.00101"},{"key":"S0022149X07850243_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6805073"},{"key":"S0022149X07850243_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2004.05.010"},{"key":"S0022149X07850243_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/Phyto-77-1463"},{"key":"S0022149X07850243_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2005.05.010"},{"key":"S0022149X07850243_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.1078"},{"key":"S0022149X07850243_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)81199-X"},{"key":"S0022149X07850243_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.01896.x"},{"key":"S0022149X07850243_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2004.07.021"},{"key":"S0022149X07850243_ref26","first-page":"207","article-title":"Characterization of 5HT receptors in the parasitic nematode","volume":"122","author":"Trim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ascaris suum. 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