{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T11:14:09Z","timestamp":1790075649509,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]],"date-time":"2007-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1196467200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In Africa, most schistosomiasis control programmes defined the age 5\u201319 years as the target population for nationwide control through the school systems, excluding the under fives. A study was therefore undertaken to determine the prevalence and intensity of genitourinary schistosomiasis in children aged 0\u20135 years (pre-primary) in Adim, a rural and endemic community within the Cross River Basin, Nigeria. Of the 126 children examined, 25 (19.8%) were infected with <jats:italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic>, with no significant difference (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.05) in infection rates between boys (21.1%) and girls (18.2%). Both prevalence and intensity of infection increased significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;\u00a0 0.05) with age. The overall geometric mean egg count was 5.9 eggs\/10\u00a0ml urine. There was no significant association (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.05) between intensity in boys (6.2 eggs\/10\u00a0ml urine) and girls (5.6 eggs\/10\u00a0ml urine). A total of 32.5 and 27.8% of the children had haematuria and proteinuria, respectively; it was not gender specific (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.05). Six species of snail were encountered, with <jats:italic>Bulinus globosus<\/jats:italic> being the most abundant and widespread. The results of this study have shown that pre-primary schoolchildren are a source of transmission of schistosomiasis in endemic communities and should be integrated into any control intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x07853521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,16]],"date-time":"2007-11-16T09:09:58Z","timestamp":1195204198000},"page":"393-397","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Genitourinary schistosomiasis among pre-primary schoolchildren in a rural community within the Cross River Basin, Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"K.N.","family":"Opara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.I.","family":"Udoidung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.G.","family":"Ukpong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X07853521_ref26","volume-title":"Rapport sur la sant\u00e9 dans le monde, organisations mondiale de la sant\u00e9","year":"2002"},{"key":"S0022149X07853521_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1999.11813476"},{"key":"S0022149X07853521_ref19","first-page":"111","article-title":"Some social determinants of urinary schistosomiasis in Northern Cameroon: implications for schistosomiasis control","volume":"11","author":"Takougang","year":"2004","journal-title":"African Journal of Health Sciences"},{"key":"S0022149X07853521_ref7","first-page":"141","article-title":"Schistosomiasis in Cross River State, Nigeria: prevalence and intensity of S. haematobium in Adim, Akamkpa","volume":"35","author":"Ejezie","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Microbiology and Immunology"},{"key":"S0022149X07853521_ref16","first-page":"68","article-title":"Qualitative diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis in two endemic communities of Cross River Basin","volume":"17","author":"Opara","year":"2001","journal-title":"West Africa Journal of Pharmacology and Drug Research"},{"key":"S0022149X07853521_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(79)90134-2"},{"key":"S0022149X07853521_ref21","first-page":"17","article-title":"Prevalence and morbidity of Schistosoma haematobium infection in Adim Community of Nigeria","volume":"5","author":"Useh","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nigerian Journal of Medical Laboratory Sciences"},{"key":"S0022149X07853521_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5769(98)00021-X"},{"key":"S0022149X07853521_ref10","first-page":"442","volume-title":"Schistosomiasis. 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Identification of high-risk communities","volume":"25","author":"Ekpo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nigeria Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X07853521_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182098003862"},{"key":"S0022149X07853521_ref12","first-page":"793","article-title":"Prevalence of morbidity of schistosomiasis among pre-school children in Bani-shef governments","volume":"20","author":"Nour","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X07853521_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/136485906X105552"},{"key":"S0022149X07853521_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1999.00388.x"},{"key":"S0022149X07853521_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(99)90127-X"},{"key":"S0022149X07853521_ref25","volume-title":"The control of schistosomiasis","year":"1993"},{"key":"S0022149X07853521_ref20","first-page":"131","article-title":"Human community ecology of urinary schistosomiasis in relation to snail vector bionomics in Igwun River Basin in Nigeria","volume":"41","author":"Udonsi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine and Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X07853521_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(56)90008-X"},{"key":"S0022149X07853521_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00008993"}],"container-title":["Journal of Helminthology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022149X07853521","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]],"date-time":"2019-04-02T19:06:41Z","timestamp":1554232001000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022149X07853521\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022149X07853521"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022149x07853521","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-149X","1475-2697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-149X","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2697","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]}}}