{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:27:00Z","timestamp":1787506020984,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]],"date-time":"2009-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1235865600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Schistosome parasites commonly show specificity to their intermediate mollusc hosts and the degree of specificity can vary between parasite strains and geographical location. Here the role of miracidial behaviour in host specificity of\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    on the islands of Zanzibar is investigated. In choice-chamber experiments,\n                    <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    miracidia moved towards\n                    <jats:italic>Bulinus globosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    snail hosts in preference to empty chambers. In addition, miracidia preferred uninfected over patent\n                    <jats:italic>B. globosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This preference should benefit the parasite as patent snails are likely to have mounted an immune response to\n                    <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    as well as providing poorer resources than uninfected snails. Miracidia also discriminated between the host\n                    <jats:italic>B. globosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the sympatric, non-host species\n                    <jats:italic>Cleopatra ferruginea<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In contrast,\n                    <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    did not discriminate against the allopatric\n                    <jats:italic>Bulinus nasutus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Penetration of the host by miracidia was investigated by screening snails 24\u00a0h after exposure using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with\n                    <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    specific\n                    <jats:italic>Dra<\/jats:italic>\n                    I repeat primers. There was no difference in the frequency of penetration of\n                    <jats:italic>B. globosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    versus\n                    <jats:italic>B. nasutus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These responses to different snail species may reflect selection pressure to avoid sympatric non-hosts which represent a transmission dead end. The distribution of\n                    <jats:italic>B. nasutus<\/jats:italic>\n                    on Unguja is outside the endemic zone and so there is less chance of exposure to\n                    <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    , hence there will be little selection pressure to avoid this non-host snail.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x08073628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,16]],"date-time":"2008-10-16T04:42:28Z","timestamp":1224132148000},"page":"33-38","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Host choice and penetration by\n                    <i>Schistosoma haematobium<\/i>\n                    miracidia"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"Allan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Rollinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.E.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.M.","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X08073628_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-1-15"},{"key":"S0022149X08073628_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182004005037"},{"key":"S0022149X08073628_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762006000900019"},{"key":"S0022149X08073628_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762002000900008"},{"key":"S0022149X08073628_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050477","article-title":"Host 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in trematode biology","author":"Haas","year":"1997"},{"key":"S0022149X08073628_ref1","first-page":"229","volume-title":"Advances in trematode biology","author":"Adema","year":"1997"},{"key":"S0022149X08073628_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.765","article-title":"Large-scale, polymerase chain reaction-based surveillance of Schistosoma haematobium DNA in snails from transmission sites in coastal Kenya: a new tool for studying the dynamics of snail infection","volume":"71","author":"Hamburger","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"S0022149X08073628_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1201\/9781482295184","volume-title":"Freshwater snails of Africa and their medical importance","author":"Brown","year":"1994"},{"key":"S0022149X08073628_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050537"},{"key":"S0022149X08073628_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.70.449","article-title":"Distribution patterns and cercarial shedding of Bulinus nasutus and other snail species in the Msambweni area, Coast Province, Kenya","volume":"70","author":"Kariuki","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"S0022149X08073628_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182001008046"},{"key":"S0022149X08073628_ref23","first-page":"1012","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying digenean-snail specificity: role of miracidial attachment and host plasma factors","volume":"86","author":"Sapp","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of 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