{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T16:21:58Z","timestamp":1772468518860,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,1]],"date-time":"2008-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1220227200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study was based on assessments of the molluscicidal and antiparasitic activities of<jats:italic>Solanum nigrum villosum<\/jats:italic>. This plant has been collected in Tozeur's traditional oases (south-western Tunisia). Molluscicidal activities of leaves, ripe fruit and unripe fruit extracts of<jats:italic>S. n. villosum<\/jats:italic>have been assessed in experimental and semi-field conditions on uninfected<jats:italic>Galba truncatula<\/jats:italic>. Antiparasitic activities have also been assessed on larval stages (rediae, intraredial germinal masses and cercariae) of the parasite<jats:italic>Fasciola hepatica<\/jats:italic>infecting<jats:italic>G. truncatula<\/jats:italic>naturally. The unripe fruit extract (LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a041.2\u00a0mg\u00a0l<jats:sup>\u2212\u00a01<\/jats:sup>) was more toxic than the leaf (LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a0132.5\u00a0mg\u00a0l<jats:sup>\u2212\u00a01<\/jats:sup>) and the ripe fruit (LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a0172.8\u00a0mg\u00a0l<jats:sup>\u2212\u00a01<\/jats:sup>) extracts on the snail after 48\u00a0h of treatment. One mg\u00a0l<jats:sup>\u2212\u00a01<\/jats:sup>of cupric chloride produced the death of 97% of<jats:italic>G. truncatula<\/jats:italic>after 25 days of treatment.<jats:italic>Solanum n. villosum<\/jats:italic>extracts used at the lethal laboratory concentration in semi-field conditions were also toxic to<jats:italic>G. truncatula<\/jats:italic>. The unripe fruit extract was more toxic than the leaf and the ripe fruit extracts on larval stages of<jats:italic>F. hepatica<\/jats:italic>. Maximum deterioration rates were obtained with the unripe fruit extract: 65.6% for rediae, 77.8% for cercariae and 27.6% for intraredial germinal masses after 48\u00a0h of treating the snails. The possibility of the unripe fruit extract application for the control of<jats:italic>G. truncatula<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>F. hepatica<\/jats:italic>larval stages should be considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x08982584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,8]],"date-time":"2008-05-08T10:37:35Z","timestamp":1210243055000},"page":"235-239","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Molluscicidal and antiparasitic activity of<i>Solanum nigrum<\/i><i>villosum<\/i>against<i>Galba truncatula<\/i>infected or uninfected with<i>Fasciola hepatica<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"Hammami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Ayadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X08982584_ref2","first-page":"1041","article-title":"Molluscicidal and cercaricidal efficacy of Acanthus mollis and its binary and tertiary combinations with Solanum nigrum and Iris pseudacorus against Biomphalaria alexandrina","volume":"34","author":"Ahmed","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X08982584_ref19","first-page":"51","article-title":"A contribution to the phytochemical study of Solanum nigrum L., S. sodomeum L. and S. aviculare Forst","volume":"2","author":"Saber","year":"1963","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University"},{"key":"S0022149X08982584_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1080\/10618600.1996.10474713","article-title":"R: A language for data analysis and graphics","volume":"3","author":"Ihaka","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics"},{"key":"S0022149X08982584_ref3","first-page":"33","article-title":"Effects of Solanum nigrum leaves water extract on the penetration and infectivity of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae","volume":"35","author":"Ahmed","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X08982584_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/000349802125000727"},{"key":"S0022149X08982584_ref26","first-page":"567","article-title":"Molluscicide screening and evaluation","volume":"33","year":"1965","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Heath Organization"},{"key":"S0022149X08982584_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2000.00573.x"},{"key":"S0022149X08982584_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(01)00185-6"},{"key":"S0022149X08982584_ref11","first-page":"302","article-title":"Ecologie de Lymnaea truncatula Muller, h\u00f4te interm\u00e9diaire de Fasciola hepatica Linn\u00e9 dans le microclimat de Tozeur (sud-ouest de la Tunisie)","volume":"92","author":"Hammami","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Pathologie Exotique"},{"key":"S0022149X08982584_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(82)90178-3"},{"key":"S0022149X08982584_ref5","first-page":"621","article-title":"Seasonal variation in molluscicidal activity of Solanum nigrum L","volume":"28","author":"Amer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X08982584_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mcpr.2002.0429"},{"key":"S0022149X08982584_ref18","first-page":"821","volume-title":"Flore de la Tunisie. 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