{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T09:32:33Z","timestamp":1774690353198,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,16]],"date-time":"2009-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1234742400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A new entomopathogenic nematode species from Australia, <jats:italic>Heterorhabditis gerrardi<\/jats:italic> n. sp. (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) is described. Morphological and molecular studies together with cross-hybridization tests indicated that this nematode represents a new undescribed species, closely related to members in the \u2018<jats:italic>indica<\/jats:italic>-group\u2019. However, the new species can be distinguished from other species in this genus by a combination of several qualitative and quantitative morphological traits. Key diagnostic features include: body size and excretory pore position of the third-stage infective juveniles; male bursa with a reduction of bursal rays, usually affecting the terminal set of papillae, with symmetrical or asymmetrical loss of one or two pairs; vulva of hermaphrodites more anteriorly located than in other species in the <jats:italic>indica<\/jats:italic>-group (V% average: 43), with non-protruding or slightly protruding lips, and longer tail length (average: 106\u00a0\u03bcm). The new species can be further characterized by molecular traits of sequence data from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA. Additionally, the bacterial symbiont of this new species, <jats:italic>Photorhabdus asymbiotica<\/jats:italic> Kingscliff strain, was phenotypically characterized and compared with other <jats:italic>P. asymbiotic<\/jats:italic>a strains. The Kingscliff strain revealed many characters not present in other strains of this species. We hypothesize that the newly found traits may contribute to the maintenance of this mutualistic association of the bacterium with its nematode host.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x09222942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,16]],"date-time":"2009-02-16T05:50:57Z","timestamp":1234763457000},"page":"309-320","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["<i>Heterorhabditis gerrardi<\/i> n. sp. (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae): the hidden host of <i>Photorhabdus asymbiotica<\/i> (Enterobacteriaceae: \u03b3-Proteobacteria)"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"K.L.","family":"Plichta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.A.","family":"Joyce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Waterfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.P.","family":"Stock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X09222942_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014062429652"},{"key":"S0022149X09222942_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851995670.0311"},{"key":"S0022149X09222942_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3285148"},{"key":"S0022149X09222942_ref24","first-page":"129","article-title":"Identification of a new Heterorhabditis species from Egypt, Heterorhabditis taysearae n. sp. (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae)","volume":"6","author":"Shamseldean","year":"1996","journal-title":"Egyptian Journal of Biological Control"},{"key":"S0022149X09222942_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/187529275X00239"},{"key":"S0022149X09222942_ref12","volume-title":"MacClade version 4.0","author":"Maddison","year":"2002"},{"key":"S0022149X09222942_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2005.11.008"},{"key":"S0022149X09222942_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.24.4876"},{"key":"S0022149X09222942_ref29","volume-title":"PAUP* Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and other methods)","author":"Swofford","year":"2002"},{"key":"S0022149X09222942_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3283895"},{"key":"S0022149X09222942_ref14","first-page":"376","article-title":"A simple method of processing nematodes for electron microscopy","volume":"18","author":"McClure","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of Nematology"},{"key":"S0022149X09222942_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03389.x"},{"key":"S0022149X09222942_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156854108783900258"},{"key":"S0022149X09222942_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200705148"},{"key":"S0022149X09222942_ref22","first-page":"467","article-title":"Heterorhabditis indicus n. sp. (Rhabditida: Nematoda) from India: separation of Heterorhabditis spp. by infective juveniles","volume":"15","author":"Poinar","year":"1992","journal-title":"Fundamental and Applied Nematology"},{"key":"S0022149X09222942_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851995670.0333"},{"key":"S0022149X09222942_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156854103769224368"},{"key":"S0022149X09222942_ref21","first-page":"53","article-title":"Heterorhabditis megidis sp. n. (Heterorhabditidae: Rhabditida), parasitic in the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica (Scarabaeidae: Coleoptera), in Ohio","volume":"54","author":"Poinar","year":"1987","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Helminthological Society, Washington"},{"key":"S0022149X09222942_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jipa.1996.0008"},{"key":"S0022149X09222942_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/187529259X00381"},{"key":"S0022149X09222942_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156854106779799286"},{"key":"S0022149X09222942_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156854108783900276"},{"key":"S0022149X09222942_ref4","volume-title":"Current protocols in molecular biology","author":"Ausbel","year":"1989"},{"key":"S0022149X09222942_ref20","first-page":"23","volume-title":"Entomopathogenic nematodes in biological control","author":"Poinar","year":"1990"},{"key":"S0022149X09222942_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/1568541041218031"},{"key":"S0022149X09222942_ref10","first-page":"268","article-title":"A new species in the genus Heterorhabditis from China (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae)","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica"},{"key":"S0022149X09222942_ref8","first-page":"457","article-title":"New species of the Nematode Heterorhabditis poinari sp. nov. (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae)","volume":"155","author":"Kakulia","year":"1997","journal-title":"Parasitology and Helminthology"},{"key":"S0022149X09222942_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.1177.1.1","article-title":"Heterorhabditis floridensis n. sp. (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) from Florida","volume":"1177","author":"Nguyen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"S0022149X09222942_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1210.060464"},{"key":"S0022149X09222942_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012432555-5\/50016-6"},{"key":"S0022149X09222942_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04574.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Helminthology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022149X09222942","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,29]],"date-time":"2019-04-29T18:10:05Z","timestamp":1556561405000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022149X09222942\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,16]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022149X09222942"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022149x09222942","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-149X","1475-2697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-149X","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2697","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,16]]}}}