{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:02:20Z","timestamp":1790355740198,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,10]],"date-time":"2011-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1320883200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Faecal samples (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01947) from captive wild impala (<jats:italic>Aepyceros melampus melampus<\/jats:italic>) were examined over a period of 14 months to determine quantitative seasonal helminth egg excretion patterns and qualitative protozoan oocyst excretion patterns. Geometric mean monthly faecal egg counts (FECs) ranged from 20 to 575 and coprocultures revealed three parasite genera, namely<jats:italic>Trichostrongylus<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Haemonchus<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic>. Larvae of the<jats:italic>Trichostrongylus<\/jats:italic>spp. were most predominant from faecal cultures. No trematode eggs or lungworms were detected and eggs of the cestode<jats:italic>Monezia<\/jats:italic>were only seen in two samples during the entire study period. The nematode FECs showed a marked seasonal variation, being higher during the rainy season, moderate during the cool dry season and low during the hot dry season. The rainy season had significantly higher FECs than the dry season (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01). The percentage of helminth-egg positive faecal samples ranged from 90.6 to 100% in the rainy season and 72.4 to 85.6% in the dry season. Overall mean FECs in unpelleted faeces were significantly higher than in pelleted faeces (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01). However, the FECs were not significantly different among seasons in unpelleted faeces (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&gt;0.05), but were significantly higher in pelleted faeces in the rainy season than the dry season (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Pellet size had a significant effect on FEC, with smaller pellets having higher FEC (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).<jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic>eggs and coccidia oocysts were only seen during the rainy season. This represents the first documentation of seasonal parasitic infestation in captive wild antelopes in Zambia. Treatment and control strategies for helminths in these captive wild impala are also suggested based on the findings from this study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x11000617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,10]],"date-time":"2011-11-10T10:49:15Z","timestamp":1320922155000},"page":"418-425","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A seasonal survey of gastrointestinal parasites in captive wild impala antelope on a game facility south of Lusaka, Zambia"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"K.S.","family":"Nalubamba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.B.","family":"Mudenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.R.","family":"Malamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X11000617_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0310.2004.01013.x"},{"key":"S0022149X11000617_ref2","volume-title":"Zambia Wildlife Authority Annual Report","year":"2010"},{"key":"S0022149X11000617_ref25","volume-title":"Agricultural production guidelines: Veld in Kwazulu-Natal","author":"Rowe-Rowe","year":"1999"},{"key":"S0022149X11000617_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2003.09.016"},{"key":"S0022149X11000617_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2007.00964.x","article-title":"Six costs of immunity to gastrointestinal nematode infections","volume":"30","author":"Colditz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasite Immunology"},{"key":"S0022149X11000617_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.1987.35396"},{"key":"S0022149X11000617_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(89)90102-7"},{"key":"S0022149X11000617_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.03.004"},{"key":"S0022149X11000617_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2003.11.012"},{"key":"S0022149X11000617_ref3","first-page":"135","article-title":"Post-parturient changes in faecal helminths egg and coccidian oocyst counts of bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus), Queen Elizabeth National Park, south western Uganda","volume":"41","author":"Apio","year":"2004","journal-title":"Helminthologia"},{"key":"S0022149X11000617_ref1","volume-title":"Parasitic diseases of wild mammals","author":"Andrew-Thompson","year":"2001"},{"key":"S0022149X11000617_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(96)80058-0"},{"key":"S0022149X11000617_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/2010-0049.1"},{"key":"S0022149X11000617_ref5","first-page":"111","article-title":"Parasites of South African wildlife. 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