{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T02:54:52Z","timestamp":1782183292786,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,12]],"date-time":"2011-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1323648000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Avian schistosomes belonging to the genus<jats:italic>Austrobilharzia<\/jats:italic>(Digenea: Schistosomatidae) are among the causative agents of cercarial dermatitis in humans. In this paper, ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA sequences were used to study schistosome cercariae from Kuwait Bay that have been identified morphologically as<jats:italic>Austrobilharzia<\/jats:italic>sp. Sequence comparison of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) 28S and 18S regions of the collected schistosome cercariae with corresponding sequences of other schistosomes in GenBank revealed high sequence similarity. This confirmed the morphological identification of schistosome cercariae from Kuwait Bay as belonging to the genus<jats:italic>Austrobilharzia<\/jats:italic>. The finding was further supported by the phylogenetic tree that was constructed based on the combined data set 18S-28S-mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCO1) sequences in which<jats:italic>Austrobilharzia<\/jats:italic>sp. clustered with<jats:italic>A. terrigalensis<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>A. variglandis<\/jats:italic>. Sequence comparison of the<jats:italic>Austrobilharzia<\/jats:italic>sp. from Kuwait Bay with<jats:italic>A. variglandis<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>A. terrigalensis<\/jats:italic>based on mtCO1 showed a variation of 10% and 11%, respectively. Since the sequence variation in the mtCO1 was within the interspecific range among trematodes, it seems that the<jats:italic>Austrobilharzia<\/jats:italic>species from Kuwait Bay is different from the two species reported in GenBank,<jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>terrigalensis<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>A. variglandis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x11000733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,12]],"date-time":"2011-12-12T10:11:51Z","timestamp":1323684711000},"page":"470-478","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Molecular identification of<i>Austrobilharzia<\/i>species parasitizing<i>Cerithidea cingulata<\/i>(Gastropoda: Potamididae) from Kuwait Bay"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"W.Y.","family":"Al-Kandari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.A.","family":"Al-Bustan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.M.","family":"Isaac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.A.","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.S.","family":"Chandy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X11000733_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2008.10.012"},{"key":"S0022149X11000733_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2004.08.006"},{"key":"S0022149X11000733_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3275378"},{"key":"S0022149X11000733_ref40","first-page":"263","volume-title":"Handbook of Trematodes of North America north of Mexico","author":"Schell","year":"1985"},{"key":"S0022149X11000733_ref39","first-page":"406","article-title":"The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees","volume":"4","author":"Saitou","year":"1987","journal-title":"Molecular Biology and Evolution"},{"key":"S0022149X11000733_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00380557"},{"key":"S0022149X11000733_ref35","first-page":"102","article-title":"The use and implications of ribosomal DNA sequencing for the discrimination of digenean species","volume":"60","author":"Nolan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Advances in Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X11000733_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1536485"},{"key":"S0022149X11000733_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360100462","article-title":"Prevalence of cercariae from Lymnaea stagnalis snails in a pond system in southern Germany","volume":"87","author":"Loy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"key":"S0022149X11000733_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14411\/fp.2007.010"},{"key":"S0022149X11000733_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-010-2138-x"},{"key":"S0022149X11000733_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(94)90018-3"},{"key":"S0022149X11000733_ref23","first-page":"2","article-title":"Larval trematodes from the Apalachee Bay area, Florida, with a checklist of known marine cercariae arranged in a key to their superfamilies","volume":"9","author":"Holliman","year":"1961","journal-title":"Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany"},{"key":"S0022149X11000733_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/17.8.754"},{"key":"S0022149X11000733_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4894(02)00036-X"},{"key":"S0022149X11000733_ref18","first-page":"159","article-title":"Cercarial dermatitis in Europe: a new public health problem","volume":"74","author":"Gentile","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"S0022149X11000733_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182001001238"},{"key":"S0022149X11000733_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.115.2980.151"},{"key":"S0022149X11000733_ref14","first-page":"490","article-title":"Marine cercariae of Puerto Rico. 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