{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T23:12:41Z","timestamp":1762125161885},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,15]],"date-time":"2012-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1344988800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Opisthorchiasis, caused by the liver fluke <jats:italic>Opisthorchis viverrini<\/jats:italic>, a food-borne trematode, is an important public health problem; however, only a single drug, praziquantel is available. We investigated tribendimidine\u2013praziquantel combinations against <jats:italic>O. viverrini<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. The IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values of 0.16\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml and 0.05\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml were determined for praziquantel and tribendimidine, respectively, against adult <jats:italic>O. viverrini<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. When <jats:italic>O. viverrini<\/jats:italic> was exposed to both drugs simultaneously (using a drug ratio based on the IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> (1:3.2)) a synergistic effect was calculated (combination index (CI) at the IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>=\u00a00.7). A similar result was observed when drug addition <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> was spaced by the respective half-lives of the drugs (a CI of 0.78 at the IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> for tribendimidine followed by praziquantel and a CI of 0.47 at the IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> for praziquantel followed by tribendimidine). <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> median-effect dose (ED<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>) values of 191\u00a0mg\/kg and 147\u00a0mg\/kg were calculated for praziquantel and tribendimidine, respectively. Low to moderate worm burden reductions (38\u201362%) were observed in <jats:italic>O. viverrini<\/jats:italic> infected hamsters when both drugs were administered simultaneously or on subsequent days, pointing to antagonistic effects <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. Further studies are necessary to understand the striking differences between the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> observations using combinations of praziquantel and tribendimidine on <jats:italic>O. viverrini.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x12000387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,15]],"date-time":"2012-08-15T10:26:02Z","timestamp":1345026362000},"page":"252-256","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Activity of tribendimidine and praziquantel combination therapy against the liver fluke <i>Opisthorchis viverrini<\/i><i>in vitro<\/i> and <i>in vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Keiser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Adelfio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Odermatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Tesana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X12000387_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e3282fbf9b3"},{"key":"S0022149X12000387_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70250-4"},{"key":"S0022149X12000387_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.08.014"},{"key":"S0022149X12000387_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01366-06"},{"key":"S0022149X12000387_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(10)73008-6"},{"key":"S0022149X12000387_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e4093"},{"key":"S0022149X12000387_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2010.10.019"},{"key":"S0022149X12000387_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00012-09"},{"key":"S0022149X12000387_ref17","first-page":"83","article-title":"Metabolism and disposition of tribendimidine and its metabolites in healthy Chinese volunteers","volume":"10","author":"Yuan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drugs in RandD"},{"key":"S0022149X12000387_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60761-416-6_13"},{"key":"S0022149X12000387_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000412"},{"key":"S0022149X12000387_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(10)72011-X"},{"key":"S0022149X12000387_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1110.050614"},{"key":"S0022149X12000387_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-09-1947"},{"key":"S0022149X12000387_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00452-09"},{"key":"S0022149X12000387_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70294-8"},{"key":"S0022149X12000387_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.08.004"}],"container-title":["Journal of Helminthology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022149X12000387","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]],"date-time":"2019-04-23T21:30:08Z","timestamp":1556055008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022149X12000387\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,15]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022149X12000387"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022149x12000387","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-149X","1475-2697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-149X","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2697","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,15]]}}}