{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T03:53:37Z","timestamp":1791172417538,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,31]],"date-time":"2012-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351641600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Trichuris trichiura<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Trichuris suis<\/jats:italic> parasitize (at the adult stage) the caeca of humans and pigs, respectively, causing trichuriasis. Despite these parasites being of human and animal health significance, causing considerable socio-economic losses globally, little is known of the molecular characteristics of <jats:italic>T. trichiura<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. suis<\/jats:italic> from China. In the present study, the entire first and second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1 and ITS-2) regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of <jats:italic>T. trichiura<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. suis<\/jats:italic> from China were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the representative amplicons were cloned and sequenced, and sequence variation in the ITS rDNA was examined. The ITS rDNA sequences for the <jats:italic>T. trichiura<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. suis<\/jats:italic> samples were 1222\u20131267\u00a0bp and 1339\u20131353\u00a0bp in length, respectively. Sequence analysis revealed that the ITS-1, 5.8S and ITS-2 rDNAs of both whipworms were 600\u2013627\u00a0bp and 655\u2013661\u00a0bp, 154\u00a0bp, and 468\u2013486\u00a0bp and 530\u2013538\u00a0bp in size, respectively. Sequence variation in ITS rDNA within and among <jats:italic>T. trichiura<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. suis<\/jats:italic> was examined. Excluding nucleotide variations in the simple sequence repeats, the intra-species sequence variation in the ITS-1 was 0.2\u20131.7% within <jats:italic>T. trichiura<\/jats:italic>, and 0\u20131.5% within <jats:italic>T. suis<\/jats:italic>. For ITS-2 rDNA, the intra-species sequence variation was 0\u20131.3% within <jats:italic>T. trichiura<\/jats:italic> and 0.2\u20131.7% within <jats:italic>T. suis<\/jats:italic>. The inter-species sequence differences between the two whipworms were 60.7\u201365.3% for ITS-1 and 59.3\u201361.5% for ITS-2. These results demonstrated that the ITS rDNA sequences provide additional genetic markers for the characterization and differentiation of the two whipworms. These data should be useful for studying the epidemiology and population genetics of <jats:italic>T. trichiura<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. suis<\/jats:italic>, as well as for the diagnosis of trichuriasis in humans and pigs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x12000740","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,31]],"date-time":"2012-10-31T14:34:10Z","timestamp":1351694050000},"page":"64-68","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Characterization of <i>Trichuris trichiura<\/i> from humans and <i>T. suis<\/i> from pigs in China using internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"G.H.","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.J.","family":"Nisbet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.J.","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.H.","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.H.","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.K.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.Q.","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.Q.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X.Q.","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X12000740_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-3988(08)60025-2"},{"key":"S0022149X12000740_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/21.10.2525"},{"key":"S0022149X12000740_ref4","first-page":"71","article-title":"DNASTAR's Lasergene sequence analysis software","volume":"132","author":"Burland","year":"2000","journal-title":"Methods in Molecular Biology"},{"key":"S0022149X12000740_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.05.011"},{"key":"S0022149X12000740_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-009-1345-9"},{"key":"S0022149X12000740_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X1000091X"},{"key":"S0022149X12000740_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001539"},{"key":"S0022149X12000740_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.24.4876"},{"key":"S0022149X12000740_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001475"},{"key":"S0022149X12000740_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68653-4"},{"key":"S0022149X12000740_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2664.1"},{"key":"S0022149X12000740_ref16","first-page":"469","article-title":"Scanning electron microscopy of Trichuris trichiura","volume":"32","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X12000740_ref1","first-page":"107","article-title":"A scanning electron microscopic study of spicular sheath of some trichurids (Nematoda)","volume":"24","author":"Barus","year":"1977","journal-title":"Folia Parasitologica"},{"key":"S0022149X12000740_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2010.00976.x"},{"key":"S0022149X12000740_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(94)00171-J"},{"key":"S0022149X12000740_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.12.006"},{"key":"S0022149X12000740_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000041202"},{"key":"S0022149X12000740_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2011.01.025"},{"key":"S0022149X12000740_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-011-2618-7"},{"key":"S0022149X12000740_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X12000193"},{"key":"S0022149X12000740_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.03.004"},{"key":"S0022149X12000740_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.55.363"},{"key":"S0022149X12000740_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000006867"},{"key":"S0022149X12000740_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1988.6661548x"},{"key":"S0022149X12000740_ref26","first-page":"287","article-title":"Scanning electron microscopy of Trichuris trichiura (Nematoda)","volume":"41","author":"Zaman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"S0022149X12000740_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-010-2009-5"}],"container-title":["Journal of Helminthology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022149X12000740","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,22]],"date-time":"2019-04-22T23:12:49Z","timestamp":1555974769000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022149X12000740\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,31]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022149X12000740"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022149x12000740","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-149X","1475-2697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-149X","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2697","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,31]]}}}