{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:44:42Z","timestamp":1786999482872,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,31]],"date-time":"2013-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1369958400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Enterobius vermicularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection remains one of the most common parasitic infections, particularly prevalent in children. Enterobiasis, although not usually dangerous, may cause significant morbidity. Elimination of the parasite from a family or an institution often poses problems, either because of an incomplete cure or re-infection. While there have been limited reports of ectopic enterobiasis throughout the world, ours is probably one of the rarest reports of recurrent vaginal\n                    <jats:italic>E. vermicularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection in the absence of any gastrointestinal symptoms despite complete treatment. A 4-year-old girl presented with recurrent episodes of vulval itching on 3\u20134 occasions over 2 years. There was no pruritis ani nor urinary\/gastrointestinal complaints. The vulva was inflamed with 4\u20135 living worms, 6\u20137\u00a0mm in length, emerging from the anterior vaginal fornix, but with no vaginal discharge. Direct microscopic examination of vaginal swabs revealed adult worms of\n                    <jats:italic>Enterobius<\/jats:italic>\n                    but no eggs. Repeated stool samples from the patient, parents and a sibling were negative. The patient was treated orally with 100\u00a0mg of mebendazole for 3 days followed by two more courses at 3-week intervals over a period of 3 months. Recurrent vaginal enterobiasis despite complete treatment and in the absence of any gastrointestinal involvement suggests that the vagina is a potential reservoir for\n                    <jats:italic>E. vermicularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which supports the theory of rare ectopic enterobiasis through the ascending pathway of the female genital tract.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x13000345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,31]],"date-time":"2013-05-31T05:22:05Z","timestamp":1369977725000},"page":"381-383","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Recurrent paediatric pinworm infection of the vagina as a potential reservoir for\n                    <i>Enterobius vermicularis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Kashyap","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.C.","family":"Samantray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Jhamb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.K.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.R.","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X13000345_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20786204.2007.10873596"},{"key":"S0022149X13000345_ref8","first-page":"514","article-title":"Enterobius vermicularis infection of the endometrium \u2013 a cause of menstrual irregularity and review of literature","volume":"40","author":"Ng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annals of the Academy of Medicine"},{"key":"S0022149X13000345_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000327643"},{"key":"S0022149X13000345_ref2","first-page":"306","article-title":"Pinworms (Enterobius vermicularis)","volume":"28","author":"Caldwell","year":"1982","journal-title":"Canadian Family Physician"},{"key":"S0022149X13000345_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2002.40.3.149"},{"key":"S0022149X13000345_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-1-137","article-title":"Enterobius vermicularis in the male urinary tract: a case report","volume":"1","author":"Athanasios","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Case Reports"},{"key":"S0022149X13000345_ref9","first-page":"284","article-title":"Topical anthelmintic treatment of recurrent genitourinary enterobiasis","volume":"65","author":"Singh","year":"1989","journal-title":"Genitourinary Medicine"},{"key":"S0022149X13000345_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4132\/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.3.341"},{"key":"S0022149X13000345_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.35.9.1159"},{"key":"S0022149X13000345_ref10","first-page":"475","article-title":"Pathology of oxyuriasis; with special reference to granulomas due to the presence of Oxyuris vermicularis (Enterobius vermicularis) and its ova in the tissues","volume":"50","author":"Symmers","year":"1950","journal-title":"American Medical Association Archives of Pathology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Helminthology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022149X13000345","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,21]],"date-time":"2019-04-21T20:35:53Z","timestamp":1555878953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022149X13000345\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,31]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022149X13000345"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022149x13000345","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-149X","1475-2697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-149X","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2697","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,31]]}}}