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Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined the<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>efficacy of plant cysteine proteinases (CPs) derived from pineapple (<jats:italic>Ananas comosus<\/jats:italic>) and kiwi fruit (<jats:italic>Actinidia deliciosa<\/jats:italic>), and compared their efficacy as anthelmintics to the known effects of CPs from the latex of papaya (<jats:italic>Carica papaya<\/jats:italic>) against the rodent intestinal nematode,<jats:italic>Heligmosomoides bakeri.<\/jats:italic>Both fruit bromelain and stem bromelain had significant<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>detrimental effects on<jats:italic>H. bakeri<\/jats:italic>but in comparison, actinidain from kiwi fruit had very little effect. However,<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>trials indicated far less efficacy of stem bromelain and fruit bromelain than that expected from the<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>experiments (24.5% and 22.4% reduction in worm burdens, respectively) against<jats:italic>H. bakeri.<\/jats:italic>Scanning electron microscopy revealed signs of cuticular damage on worms incubated in fruit bromelain, stem bromelain and actinidain, but this was far less extensive than on those incubated in papaya latex supernatant. We conclude that, on the basis of presently available data, CPs derived from pineapples and kiwi fruits are not suitable for development as novel anthelmintics for intestinal nematode infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x13000692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,31]],"date-time":"2013-10-31T15:10:01Z","timestamp":1383232201000},"page":"165-174","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The relative anthelmintic efficacy of plant-derived cysteine proteinases on intestinal nematodes"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"W.","family":"Luoga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Mansur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.J.","family":"Buttle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.R.","family":"Duce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.C.","family":"Garnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Lowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.M.","family":"Behnke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X13000692_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.4100"},{"key":"S0022149X13000692_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182006001302"},{"key":"S0022149X13000692_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00001619"},{"key":"S0022149X13000692_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)65669-8","article-title":"Crystalline papain preparation, specificity and activation","volume":"207","author":"Kimmel","year":"1954","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"S0022149X13000692_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2006.04.013"},{"key":"S0022149X13000692_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.3633"},{"key":"S0022149X13000692_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(79)90013-4"},{"key":"S0022149X13000692_ref1","first-page":"1513","article-title":"E-64 [l-trans-epoxysuccinyl-leucyl-amido(4-guanidino)butane] and related epoxides as inhibitors of cysteine proteinases","volume":"40","author":"Barrett","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Biologica et Medica Germanica"},{"key":"S0022149X13000692_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2010.07.001"},{"key":"S0022149X13000692_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf903332a"},{"key":"S0022149X13000692_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(85)90348-1"},{"key":"S0022149X13000692_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X11000368"},{"key":"S0022149X13000692_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.12.210"},{"key":"S0022149X13000692_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182004005566"},{"key":"S0022149X13000692_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3616620"},{"key":"S0022149X13000692_ref18","unstructured":"International Labor Rights Forum (2008) The sour taste of pineapple: how an expanding export industry undermines workers and their communities. 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