{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T16:05:43Z","timestamp":1761581143323},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,14]],"date-time":"2013-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1384387200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Paragonimus heterotremus<\/jats:italic>, which is an important pathogen for human paragonimiasis in Asia, is recognized as having the smallest metacercariae (maximum diameter &lt;\u00a0300\u00a0<jats:roman>\u03bc<\/jats:roman>m) of any previously reported <jats:italic>Paragonimus<\/jats:italic> species. Recently, <jats:italic>P. pseudoheterotremus<\/jats:italic> has been described from Thailand as a new species having metacercariae (about 200\u00a0<jats:roman>\u03bc<\/jats:roman>m) slightly smaller than those of Thai <jats:italic>P. heterotremus<\/jats:italic>. In fact, the small size of <jats:italic>P. pseudoheterotremus<\/jats:italic> metacercariae is compatible with those of <jats:italic>P. heterotremus<\/jats:italic> from India and China. In this study in Vietnam, we found variably sized small metacercariae which are expected to consist of both <jats:italic>P. heterotremus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. pseudoheterotremus<\/jats:italic>. Contrary to expectation, the adult flukes obtained by separate infection of experimental cats with different sized metacercariae were all identified as <jats:italic>P. heterotremus<\/jats:italic>, using both morphological and molecular characteristics. The molecular analyses of an extensive collection of <jats:italic>P. heterotremus\/P. pseudoheterotremus<\/jats:italic> isolates from Asian countries also indicated that genetic distances between different populations of <jats:italic>P. heterotremus<\/jats:italic> are even larger than that between <jats:italic>P. pseudoheterotremus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. heterotremus<\/jats:italic>. The haplotype network showed that all <jats:italic>P. heterotremus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. pseudoheterotremus<\/jats:italic> isolates formed a <jats:italic>P. heterotremus<\/jats:italic> complex consisting of three groups with strong geographical origins. In addition, the Indian <jats:italic>P. heterotremus<\/jats:italic> group is the root of the other <jats:italic>P. heterotremus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. pseudoheterotremus<\/jats:italic> populations. Based on the observed metacercarial polymorphisms and genetic variation in <jats:italic>P. heterotremus,<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>P. pseudoheterotremus<\/jats:italic> should be considered a geographically isolated population of the <jats:italic>P. heterotremus<\/jats:italic> complex.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x13000734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,14]],"date-time":"2013-11-14T13:54:47Z","timestamp":1384437287000},"page":"182-188","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Metacercarial polymorphism and genetic variation of <i>Paragonimus heterotremus<\/i> (Digenea: Paragonimidae), and a re-appraisal of the taxonomic status of <i>Paragonimus pseudoheterotremus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"P.N.","family":"Doanh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"Thaenkham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.T.","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.V.","family":"Hien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Horii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Nawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X13000734_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2006.01.008"},{"key":"S0022149X13000734_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(93)90079-Q"},{"key":"S0022149X13000734_ref15","first-page":"347","article-title":"Study 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