{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T08:02:10Z","timestamp":1777363330759,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,11]],"date-time":"2014-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397174400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigated the epidemiological factors that contribute to the seroprevalence of<jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Toxocara<\/jats:italic>spp. in children from Paran\u00e1 state, Brazil. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>were detected using indirect immunofluorescence, and IgG antibodies to<jats:italic>Toxocara<\/jats:italic>were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For each individual, a questionnaire was completed that contained epidemiological and clinical data. The data analysis was performed using multiple logistic regression. Of the 544 children investigated, 3.2% presented co-infection with<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Toxocara<\/jats:italic>spp. Of this total, 7.4% were positive for antibodies to<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>, and 25% were positive for antibodies to<jats:italic>Toxocara<\/jats:italic>spp. The presence of antibodies to<jats:italic>Toxocara<\/jats:italic>spp. increased the risk of<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>infection (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.029). Children who were 1\u20138 years of age were less infected by<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>than those who were 9\u201312 years of age. The variables that influenced positivity for anti-<jats:italic>Toxocara<\/jats:italic>spp. were the origin of the children and contact with sand. Children with positive serology for<jats:italic>Toxocara<\/jats:italic>spp. presented more eosinophilia compared with those with non-reactive serology. Infection with both parasites reveals the need for preventive measures, such as guidance about modes of infection, parasite control and monitoring recreational areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x14000212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,11]],"date-time":"2014-04-11T12:54:23Z","timestamp":1397220863000},"page":"428-432","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis in populations of children from nine cities in southern Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"A.A.","family":"Marchioro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.M.","family":"Colli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c9.C.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.M.","family":"Viol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.M.","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.L.","family":"Falavigna-Guilherme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X14000212_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2006.01406.x","article-title":"Seropositivity rates for Bartonella henselae, Toxocara canis and Toxoplasma gondii in New Zealand blood donors","volume":"35","author":"Zarkovic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology"},{"key":"S0022149X14000212_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00124-7"},{"key":"S0022149X14000212_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)91486-9"},{"key":"S0022149X14000212_ref27","unstructured":"Silveira L.M. (2003) An\u00e1lise r\u00edtmica dos tipos de tempo no norte do Paran\u00e1 aplicada ao clima local de Maring\u00e1 \u2013 Paran\u00e1. Doctoral Thesis, Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ci\u00eancias Humanas, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil."},{"key":"S0022149X14000212_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X11000666"},{"key":"S0022149X14000212_ref14","unstructured":"IPARDES (Instituto Paranaense de Desenvolvimento Econ\u00f4mico e Social). (2013) Available at http:\/\/www.ipardes.gov.br (accessed accessed 15 October 2013)."},{"key":"S0022149X14000212_ref11","first-page":"593","volume-title":"Diagn\u00f3stico cl\u00ednico e tratamento por m\u00e9todos laboratoriais","author":"Henry","year":"2008"},{"key":"S0022149X14000212_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(87)50604-0"},{"key":"S0022149X14000212_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.01.005"},{"key":"S0022149X14000212_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86821997000100005"},{"key":"S0022149X14000212_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-1765.1"},{"key":"S0022149X14000212_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652007000600002"},{"key":"S0022149X14000212_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.16.2.265-272.2003"},{"key":"S0022149X14000212_ref26","first-page":"839","article-title":"Incidence of Toxoplasma and Toxocara antibodies among out-patients in the Ophthalmic Research Institute, Egypt","volume":"25","author":"Safar","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X14000212_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652010000200002"},{"key":"S0022149X14000212_ref13","first-page":"99","article-title":"Relato de dois casos de toxoplasmose em gestantes atendidas no noroeste do Paran\u00e1","volume":"20","author":"Higa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brasil. 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