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Adults of these species inhabit the intestine of cormorants of the genus<jats:italic>Nannopterum<\/jats:italic>, whereas larval forms (metacercariae) are found in the eyes (vitreous humor) of freshwater fishes. Records of both species have been established across a wide geographic range in the Americas. Diplostomid adults and metacercariae were collected from a wide geographical range that spans from south-eastern Mexico, southwards to Central and South America. Even though the diplostomid has been largely reported in Mexico as<jats:italic>Diplostomum<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>Austrodiplostomum<\/jats:italic>)<jats:italic>compactum<\/jats:italic>, our specimens were identified morphologically as<jats:italic>A. ostrowskiae<\/jats:italic>. Sequences of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome<jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>oxidase (<jats:italic>cox<\/jats:italic>1) were obtained for 86 individuals, including 15 adults recovered from the intestine of<jats:italic>Nannopterum brasilianus<\/jats:italic>, in five localities, and 71 metacercariae from the eyes of ten fish species, in 13 localities. Sequences were used to evaluate the genetic diversity, and to test conspecificity of these specimens with the available sequence of<jats:italic>A. ostrowskiae<\/jats:italic>. Sequences were aligned with another 12 taxa representing five genera of Diplostomatidae, forming a dataset of 104 taxa with 478 nucleotides. The genetic divergence estimated among the 86 sequenced individuals, and that of<jats:italic>A. ostrowskiae<\/jats:italic>from the double-crested cormorant,<jats:italic>Nannopterum auritus<\/jats:italic>, in the USA, was very low, ranging from 0 to 0.8%. The maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian consensus trees showed that all sequences nested within a monophyletic lineage, with strong bootstrap and Bayesian posterior probability support values (100\/1.0). In conclusion, a link between the metacercariae in fish and the adults in cormorants was established, indicating also that a single species is found in the distribution range comprising southern USA, southwards to Venezuela. Previous records of this species, particularly from Mexico, need to be corrected.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x1500005x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,4]],"date-time":"2015-03-04T10:28:45Z","timestamp":1425464925000},"page":"174-185","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Molecular and morphological characterization of<i>Austrodiplostomum ostrowskiae<\/i>Dronen, 2009 (Digenea: Diplostomatidae), a parasite of cormorants in the Americas"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Garc\u00eda-Varela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.L.","family":"Sereno-Uribe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.D.","family":"Pinacho-Pinacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Dom\u00ednguez-Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"P\u00e9rez-Ponce de Le\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X1500005X_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z02-198"},{"key":"S0022149X1500005X_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198540137.001.0001","volume-title":"A guide to the birds of Mexico and Northern Central America","author":"Howell","year":"1995"},{"key":"S0022149X1500005X_ref45","first-page":"245","article-title":"Avian flukes of Venezuela","volume":"33","author":"Nasir","year":"1972","journal-title":"Rivista di Parassitologia"},{"key":"S0022149X1500005X_ref36","first-page":"241","article-title":"Algunos trem\u00e1todos de vertebrados de la Presa Miguel Alem\u00e1n, en Temascal, Oaxaca, M\u00e9xico","volume":"66","author":"Ramos-Ramos","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anales del Instituto de Biolog\u00eda Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico"},{"key":"S0022149X1500005X_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst197"},{"key":"S0022149X1500005X_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15560\/7.6.871"},{"key":"S0022149X1500005X_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/12-13.1"},{"key":"S0022149X1500005X_ref28","first-page":"1","article-title":"Morphometric and molecular analyses of Tylodelphys sp. metacercariae (Digenea:Diplostomidae) from the vitreous humour of four fish species from Lake Naivasha, Kenya","volume":"4","author":"Otachi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Helminthology"},{"key":"S0022149X1500005X_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1654\/4374.1"},{"key":"S0022149X1500005X_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851995472.0231","volume-title":"Keys to the Trematoda","author":"Niewiadomska","year":"2002"},{"key":"S0022149X1500005X_ref33","first-page":"817","article-title":"Modeltest: Testing the model of DNA substitution","volume":"9","author":"Posada","year":"1988","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"S0022149X1500005X_ref31","first-page":"309","volume-title":"Estudio del control sanitario de la piscifactor\u00eda Benito Ju\u00e1rez y en los vasos de las presas Malpaso y La Angostura, Chiapas","author":"Pineda-L\u00f3pez","year":"1985"},{"key":"S0022149X1500005X_ref4","first-page":"77","article-title":"Metacercarias de Diplostomum spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819) Braun, 1893 en peces de agua dulce de M\u00e9xico","volume":"14","author":"Caballero","year":"1954","journal-title":"Ciencia"},{"key":"S0022149X1500005X_ref30","first-page":"47","article-title":"Infecci\u00f3n por metacercarias (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda) en peces de agua dulce de Tabasco","volume":"2","author":"Pineda-L\u00f3pez","year":"1985","journal-title":"Universidad Ciencia"},{"key":"S0022149X1500005X_ref10","first-page":"176","article-title":"Helminth community structure and pattern in sympatric populations of double-crested and neotropical cormorants","volume":"64","author":"Fedynich","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington"},{"key":"S0022149X1500005X_ref1","first-page":"829","volume-title":"Check-list of North American birds","year":"1998"},{"key":"S0022149X1500005X_ref18","first-page":"133","volume-title":"Estudios de zoolog\u00eda y parasitolog\u00eda Venezolanas","author":"Lutz","year":"1928"},{"key":"S0022149X1500005X_ref14","first-page":"754","article-title":"MrBayes: Bayesian inference of phylogeny","volume":"17","author":"Huelsenbeck","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"S0022149X1500005X_ref27","first-page":"393","article-title":"Die Entwicklungszyklen von Diplostomum (A) compactum (Lutz, 1928) Dubois, 1970 und D. 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