{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T16:16:04Z","timestamp":1778256964320,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,11]],"date-time":"2015-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1426032000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fascioliasis is an important disease affecting livestock, with great costs to producers worldwide. It has also become a serious issue for human populations in some endemic areas as an emerging zoonotic infection. There are two <jats:italic>Fasciola<\/jats:italic> species of liver fluke responsible for this disease, which occur worldwide, <jats:italic>Fasciola hepatica<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Fasciola gigantica<\/jats:italic>. Identifying these two species on the basis of adult or egg morphology requires specialist knowledge due to the similarity of characters, and may misidentify putative intermediate or hybrid forms. In this study we sequenced the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2) rDNA of liver flukes collected from multiple species of hosts from seven localities in the Punjab and Baluchistan provinces of Pakistan, to determine the distribution of these two species. All 46 flukes processed in this study, collected from seven sites, showed the rDNA ITS-2 genotype corresponding to <jats:italic>F. gigantica<\/jats:italic>, contradicting previous reports, based on adult and egg morphology, that both species are present in Pakistan, with <jats:italic>F. hepatica<\/jats:italic> being the more common.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x15000176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,11]],"date-time":"2015-03-11T08:23:01Z","timestamp":1426062181000},"page":"206-213","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Molecular evidence shows that the liver fluke <i>Fasciola gigantica<\/i> is the predominant <i>Fasciola<\/i> species in ruminants from Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"U.","family":"Chaudhry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"van Paridon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.Z.","family":"Shabbir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Shafee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Yaqub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Gilleard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X15000176_ref17","first-page":"317","article-title":"A review on fascioliasis in Egypt","volume":"32","author":"Haseeb","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X15000176_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2008.08.013"},{"key":"S0022149X15000176_ref60","first-page":"205","article-title":"Diversity and prevalence of trematodes in livers of sheep and goat in Quetta, Pakistan","volume":"37","author":"Ahmed","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Zoology"},{"key":"S0022149X15000176_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/ijas.2007.s2.935"},{"key":"S0022149X15000176_ref49","volume-title":"Veterinary parasitology","author":"Urquhart","year":"1996"},{"key":"S0022149X15000176_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(98)00037-X"},{"key":"S0022149X15000176_ref2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Phenotypes of intermediate forms of Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica in buffaloes from Central Punjab, Pakistan","volume":"88","author":"Afshan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Helminthology"},{"key":"S0022149X15000176_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2013.08.006"},{"key":"S0022149X15000176_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-0915-5_4"},{"key":"S0022149X15000176_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182005008292"},{"key":"S0022149X15000176_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-150"},{"key":"S0022149X15000176_ref42","first-page":"1","article-title":"Genetic characterization of Fasciola gigantica from different geographical regions of India by ribosomal DNA markers","volume":"39","author":"Raina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Parasitic Diseases"},{"key":"S0022149X15000176_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2011.03.011"},{"key":"S0022149X15000176_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.79.248","article-title":"Evolutionary origins, diversification, and biogeography of liver flukes (Digenea, Fasciolidae)","volume":"79","author":"Lotfy","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"S0022149X15000176_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst197"},{"key":"S0022149X15000176_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2012192177"},{"key":"S0022149X15000176_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-1121-2"},{"key":"S0022149X15000176_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00662-12"},{"key":"S0022149X15000176_ref14","first-page":"497","article-title":"Human fasciolosis in Mara municipality, Zulia state. 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