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Excretory\/secretory (E\/S) and hidden antigens are being studied as candidates for vaccines against <jats:italic>Haemonchus<\/jats:italic> spp., which is a major parasite in cattle and small ruminants that are raised in warm climates. Protection has been observed after vaccination with some E\/S proteases, particularly cysteine proteases and with some glycans that are abundant on the surfaces and in the secretory products of helminths. However, the most promising results are being obtained with glycoprotein antigens extracted from the microvillar surfaces of the <jats:italic>Haemonchus contortus<\/jats:italic> intestinal cells. These antigens are called \u2018hidden\u2032 because they are not exposed to the host's immune system during infection. Thus far, recombinant forms of these antigens have not been usefully protective. However, because only 5\u00a0\u03bcg of antigen is required per dose, production of a native antigen vaccine from adult parasites has been found to be practical and commercially viable. Trials indicate that a vaccine made from one particular isolate will cross-protect against geographically distant isolates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x15000279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,20]],"date-time":"2015-04-20T05:46:43Z","timestamp":1429508803000},"page":"517-525","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Vaccination of sheep and cattle against haemonchosis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"C.C.","family":"Bassetto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.F.T.","family":"Amarante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X15000279_ref61","first-page":"348","article-title":"Gastrointestinal nematode infections in sheep raised in Botucatu, state of S\u00e3o Paulo, 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