{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T06:40:39Z","timestamp":1784011239107,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,13]],"date-time":"2015-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1439424000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The relationship between the frequency of loiasis objective symptoms and microfilaraemic or amicrofilaraemic infection was assessed in 1148 exposed patients also infected, or not, with<jats:italic>Mansonella perstans<\/jats:italic>. Filarial infections were detected by direct microscopy, leucoconcentration and serology, with prevalence values of 39.5%<jats:italic>Loa loa<\/jats:italic>, 5.6%<jats:italic>M. perstans<\/jats:italic>and 3.4% co-infection with both filarial species. Amicrofilaraemic or occult loiasis (OL) predominated among<jats:italic>L. loa-<\/jats:italic>infected individuals, with a prevalence of 58.2%. Hypermicrofilaraemia (&gt;8000 microfilariae (mf)\/ml) was found in 18.4% of<jats:italic>L. loa<\/jats:italic>microfilaraemic patients, with 25.7% of them harbouring more than 30,000 mf\/ml. Up to 34% of patients with OL showed evidence of Calabar swelling, compared with 26.3% of microfilaraemic patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.03). Overall 5.3% of patients presented with adult worm migration across the eye, representing 16.3% of microfilaraemic individuals and 11.4% of amicrofilaraemic patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.13). This symptom was similarly found in patients with more than 30,000 mf\/ml (22%), those with microfilaraemia between 8 and 30,000 mf\/ml (15.4%) and also in individuals with low or without microfilaraemia (16.1%) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.7). Five (14.3%) hypermicrofilaraemic patients did not present any<jats:italic>L. loa-<\/jats:italic>specific objective symptoms, as well as all the patients with single<jats:italic>M. perstans<\/jats:italic>infection. The presence of adult eye worm migration as a strong predictor of high microfilaraemia density would obscure the real burden of<jats:italic>L. loa<\/jats:italic>hypermicrofilaraemia in exposed individuals. For epidemiological purposes and control strategies, the mapping of<jats:italic>L. loa<\/jats:italic>in endemic areas should also take into account the group of patients with occult loiasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x15000607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,13]],"date-time":"2015-08-13T03:09:35Z","timestamp":1439435375000},"page":"469-475","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The relationship between microfilaraemic and amicrofilaraemic loiasis involving co-infection with<i>Mansonella perstans<\/i>and clinical symptoms in an exposed population from Gabon"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"M.K.","family":"Bouyou Akotet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Owono-Medang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.P.","family":"Mawili-Mboumba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.N.","family":"Moussavou-Boussougou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Nzenze Af\u00e8ne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Kendjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Kombila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X15000607_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1997.4168"},{"key":"S0022149X15000607_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2001.108","article-title":"Loa loa and Mansonella perstans infections in Ijebu north, western Nigeria, a parasitological study","volume":"54","author":"Agbolade","year":"2001","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"S0022149X15000607_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-003-1024-1"},{"key":"S0022149X15000607_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(87)90163-5"},{"key":"S0022149X15000607_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.01.014"},{"key":"S0022149X15000607_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/163.6.1318"},{"key":"S0022149X15000607_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/136485905X51300"},{"key":"S0022149X15000607_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2883-2-S1-S7"},{"key":"S0022149X15000607_ref11","volume-title":"Colour atlas of parasitology. 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