{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:42:03Z","timestamp":1791286923706,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,22]],"date-time":"2016-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466553600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Explanatum explanatum<\/jats:italic> flukes, liver amphistomes of ruminants, cause significant economic loss in the livestock industry by inducing severe liver damage. A total of 66 flukes from 26 buffaloes and 7 cattle in four different geographic areas of Bangladesh and 20 flukes from 10 buffaloes in the Chitwan district of Nepal were subjected for analysis. The sequences (442 bp) of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of ribosomal DNA and the variable fragments (657 bp) of mitochondrial nicotinamide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (<jats:italic>nad1<\/jats:italic>) of <jats:italic>E. explanatum<\/jats:italic> flukes from Bangladesh and Nepal were analysed. The aim of this study was molecular characterization of the flukes and to elucidate their origin and biogeography. In the ITS2 region, two genotypes were detected among the flukes from Bangladesh, while flukes from Nepal were of only one genotype. Phylogenetic analyses inferred from the <jats:italic>nad1<\/jats:italic> gene revealed that at least four divergent populations (groups I\u2013IV) are distributed in Bangladesh, whereas two divergent populations were found to be distributed in Nepal. <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>st values (pairwise fixation index) suggest that Bangladeshi and Nepalese populations of group I to IV are significantly different from each other; but within groups III and IV, the populations from Bangladesh and Nepal were genetically close. This divergence in the <jats:italic>nad1<\/jats:italic> gene indicates that each lineage of <jats:italic>E. explanatum<\/jats:italic> from diverse geography was co-adapted during the multiple domestication events of ruminants. This study, for the first time, provides molecular characterization of <jats:italic>E. explanatum<\/jats:italic> in Bangladesh and Nepal, and may provide useful information for elucidating its origin and dispersal route in Asia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x16000420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,22]],"date-time":"2016-06-22T17:56:05Z","timestamp":1466618165000},"page":"497-503","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Molecular and phylogenetic analyses of the liver amphistome <i>Explanatum explanatum<\/i> (Creplin, 1847) Fukui, 1929 in ruminants from Bangladesh and Nepal based on nuclear ribosomal ITS2 and mitochondrial <i>nad1<\/i> sequences"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"U.K.","family":"Mohanta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.B.","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Devkota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Itagaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X16000420_ref1","first-page":"81","article-title":"Pathological investigation of liver of the slaughtered buffaloes in Barisal district","volume":"5","author":"Ahmedullah","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"S0022149X16000420_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-673R.1"},{"key":"S0022149X16000420_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/bjvm.v3i1.11343"},{"key":"S0022149X16000420_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-7-186"},{"key":"S0022149X16000420_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msp213"},{"key":"S0022149X16000420_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp187"},{"key":"S0022149X16000420_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(00)00157-1"},{"key":"S0022149X16000420_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.65.931"},{"key":"S0022149X16000420_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(97)00204-X"},{"key":"S0022149X16000420_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0368-1742(56)80009-X"},{"key":"S0022149X16000420_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.04.035"},{"key":"S0022149X16000420_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3274704"},{"key":"S0022149X16000420_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2699.2003.00868.x"},{"key":"S0022149X16000420_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst197"},{"key":"S0022149X16000420_ref27","volume-title":"CRC handbook of the zoology of amphistomes","author":"Sey","year":"1991"},{"key":"S0022149X16000420_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0998.2010.02847.x"},{"key":"S0022149X16000420_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2004.42.3.145"},{"key":"S0022149X16000420_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(93)90079-Q"},{"key":"S0022149X16000420_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(98)00037-X"},{"key":"S0022149X16000420_ref22","first-page":"301","article-title":"A revision of the Trematode family Paramphistomidae","volume":"16","author":"N\u00e4smark","year":"1937","journal-title":"Zoologiska Bidrag frdn Upsala"},{"key":"S0022149X16000420_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.08.027"},{"key":"S0022149X16000420_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Damme D. 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