{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T04:03:43Z","timestamp":1776139423777,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,20]],"date-time":"2016-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1476921600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>An <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> study in the laboratory rat model has been carried out to monitor changes to the tegument and gut of adult <jats:italic>Fasciola hepatica<\/jats:italic> following treatment with myrrh (\u2018Mirazid\u2019). Rats infected with the triclabendazole-resistant Dutch isolate were dosed orally with Mirazid at a concentration of 250 mg\/kg and flukes recovered 2, 3 and 7 days post-treatment (pt). The flukes were processed for examination by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. A variety of changes to the external surface were observed, culminating in the sloughing of the tegumental syncytium. Internal changes to the syncytium and tegumental cell bodies were more severe and were evident from 2 days pt onwards. Swelling of the basal infolds (leading to flooding of the surface layer) and a decline in secretory body production were the major changes seen. The gastrodermal cells were less severely affected than the tegument, pointing to a trans-tegumental route of uptake for Mirazid by the fluke. Some loss of muscle fibres in the main somatic muscle layers was observed, which may be correlated with the decline in movement of flukes seen at recovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x16000705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,20]],"date-time":"2016-10-20T06:23:20Z","timestamp":1476944600000},"page":"672-685","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Ultrastructural changes to the tegumental system and gastrodermal cells of adult <i>Fasciola hepatica<\/i> following treatment <i>in vivo<\/i> with a commercial preparation of myrrh (Mirazid)"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"M.M.O.","family":"Abdelaal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.P.","family":"Brennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Abdel-Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Fairweather","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-004-1272-8"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.72.119","article-title":"Efficacy of Mirazid in comparison with praziquantel in Egyptian Schistosoma mansoni-infected school children and households","volume":"72","author":"Botros","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.12.011"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2001.65.96"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/phbi.39.2.127.6253"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.04.011"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2007.08.007"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.206","article-title":"Lack of evidence for an antischistosomal activity of myrrh in experimental animals","volume":"71","author":"Botros","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-1691(13)60104-5"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref25","first-page":"775","article-title":"Efficacy of Commiphora molmol (Mirazid) against sheep naturally infected with moneziasis expansa in Al-Santa Center, Gharbia Governate, Egypt","volume":"34","author":"Haridy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref43","first-page":"1051","article-title":"Evaluation of schistosomicidal activity of myrrh extract: parasitological and histological study","volume":"34","author":"Massoud","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-003-0930-6"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref24","first-page":"917","article-title":"Efficacy of Mirazid (Commiphora molmol) against fascioliasis in Egyptian sheep","volume":"33","author":"Haridy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2012.01.004"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3295","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2007.3295.3305","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of Egyptian propolis on Fasciola gigantica eggs with reference to its effect on Clostridium oedematiens and correlation to chemical composition","volume":"10","author":"Hegazi","year":"2007b","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref33","first-page":"3531","article-title":"Antimalarials in the treatment of schistosomiasis","volume":"18","author":"Keiser","year":"2012","journal-title":"Current Pharmaceutical Design"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2015.04.012"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X09344934"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref45","first-page":"119","article-title":"Mirazid in treatment of three zoonotic trematodes in beni-Sweif and Dakhalia Governates","volume":"40","author":"Massoud","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref40","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of Mirazid \u2018Commiphora molmol\u2019 in treatment of experimental goat fascioliasis","volume":"13","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2008","journal-title":"Suez Canal Veterinary Medicine Journal"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.11.018"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-957665"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref18","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Fasciolosis","author":"Fairweather","year":"1999"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.10.007"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(75)90050-8"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182008004630"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref2","first-page":"807","article-title":"Clinical trial of Mirazid in treatment of human fascioliasis, Ezbert El-Bakly (Tamyia Center) Al-Fayoum Governate","volume":"34","author":"Abo-Madyan","year":"2004b","journal-title":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref1","first-page":"423","article-title":"Efficacy of myrrh in the treatment of schistosomiasis (haematobium and mansoni) in Ezbet-El-Bakly, Tamiya Center, El-Fayoum Governorate, Egypt","volume":"34","author":"Abo-Madyan","year":"2004a","journal-title":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.10.006"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.08.007"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2007.07.012"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref27","first-page":"999","article-title":"In vitro effect of Mirazid in Schistosoma mansoni worms","volume":"33","author":"Hassan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-012-3145-x"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-002-0768-3"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-009-1641-4"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(86)90040-8"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref14","first-page":"1199","article-title":"Human fascioliasis among immigrant workers in Saudi Arabia","volume":"35","author":"El-Mathal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762005000700017"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009005642"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2013.51.3.297"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.3923\/jp.2008.40.49","article-title":"Immune response in Fasciola gigantica experimentally infected rabbits treated with either carnosine or Mirazid","volume":"3","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2008","journal-title":"Research Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-007-0564-1"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-003-1036-x"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X09321173"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-960116"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.07.023"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2001.65.700"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms14023395"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-003-0863-0"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref26","first-page":"259","article-title":"Some parasitic flukes infecting farm animals in Al-Santa Center, Gharbia Governate, Egypt","volume":"36","author":"Haridy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.26719\/2010.16.9.932","article-title":"Ineffectiveness of myrrh-derivative Mirazid against schistosomiasis and fascioliasis in humans","volume":"16","author":"Osman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2011.02.003"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00930821"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2009.05.007"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-1691(12)60246-9"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-009-1453-6"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref56","first-page":"825","article-title":"Farm animals\u2019 fascioliasis in Ezbet El-Bakly (Tamyia Center), Al-Fayoum Governate","volume":"35","author":"Morsy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-922R.1"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/000349809X12459740922453"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182003003925"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref30","first-page":"199","article-title":"Herbal dewormers in livestock \u2013 a traditional therapy","volume":"2","author":"Iqbal","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref20","first-page":"155","article-title":"Effect of mirazid (Commiphora molmol) on experimental giardiasis","volume":"41","author":"Fathy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-28032010000400014"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref65","first-page":"941","article-title":"Evaluation of myrrh (Mirazid) therapy in fascioliasis and intestinal schistosomiasis in children: immunological and parasitological study","volume":"34","author":"Soliman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000077428"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1383391","article-title":"Antispasmodic effects of myrrh due to calcium antagonistic effects in inflamed rat small intestinal preparations","volume":"81","author":"Vissiennon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Planta Medica"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref12","first-page":"13","article-title":"Comparative studies on triclabendazole and mirazid in guinea pigs experimentally infected with Fasciola gigantica","volume":"7","author":"El-Boshy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Bioanalysis and Biomedicine"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009991247"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref33a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.08.004"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref11a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2005.12.009"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2005.08.004"},{"key":"S0022149X16000705_ref3","first-page":"713","article-title":"Myrrh (Commiphora molmol) in treatment of human and sheep dicrocoeliasis dendriticum in Saudia Arabia","volume":"34","author":"Al-Mathal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Helminthology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022149X16000705","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]],"date-time":"2019-04-16T15:58:53Z","timestamp":1555430333000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022149X16000705\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,20]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022149X16000705"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022149x16000705","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-149X","1475-2697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-149X","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2697","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,20]]}}}