{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]],"date-time":"2024-08-24T19:11:03Z","timestamp":1724526663611},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]],"date-time":"2017-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502150400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Clonorchis sinensis<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Capillaria hepatica<\/jats:italic>are zoonotic parasites that mainly infect the liver and cause serious liver disorders. However, immunological parameters induced by co-infection with these parasites remain unknown. In this study, for the first time, we investigated immunological profiles induced by co-infection with<jats:italic>C. hepatica<\/jats:italic>(CH) in<jats:italic>C. sinensis<\/jats:italic>(CS)-infected rats (Sprague\u2013Dawley). Rats were infected primarily with 50 metacercariae of<jats:italic>C. sinensis<\/jats:italic>; 4 weeks later, they were subsequently infected with 1000 infective<jats:italic>C. hepatica<\/jats:italic>eggs. Significantly higher levels of<jats:italic>C. sinensis<\/jats:italic>- or<jats:italic>C. hepatica<\/jats:italic>-specific IgG antibodies were found in the sera of rats. Interestingly, no cross-reacting antibody was observed between<jats:italic>C. sinensis<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>C. hepatica<\/jats:italic>infections. Significantly raised eosinophil levels were found in the blood of<jats:italic>C. sinensis\/C. hepatica<\/jats:italic>co-infected rats (CS + CH) compared to the blood of rats infected singly with<jats:italic>C. sinensis<\/jats:italic>. Co-infected rats showed significantly higher levels of lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production compared to a single<jats:italic>C. sinensis<\/jats:italic>infection. The worm burden of<jats:italic>C. sinensis<\/jats:italic>was significantly reduced in co-infected rats compared to the single<jats:italic>C. sinensis<\/jats:italic>infection. These results indicate that the eosinophils, lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production induced by subsequent infection with<jats:italic>C. hepatica<\/jats:italic>in<jats:italic>C. sinensis-<\/jats:italic>infected rats might contribute to the observed<jats:italic>C. sinensis<\/jats:italic>worm reduction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x17000682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]],"date-time":"2017-08-08T05:56:27Z","timestamp":1502171787000},"page":"395-402","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Immune responses induced by co-infection with<i>Capillaria hepatica<\/i>in<i>Clonorchis sinensis-<\/i>infected rats"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"E.-K.","family":"Moon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.-H.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.W.","family":"Goo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.-S.","family":"Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X17000682_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3166","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.8.3166","article-title":"In vitro killing of microfilariae of Brugia pahangi and Brugia malayi by eosinophil granule proteins","volume":"144","author":"Hamann","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md.: 1950)"},{"key":"S0022149X17000682_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.1.431-433.2000","article-title":"Serological detection of Capillaria hepatica by indirect immunofluorescence assay","volume":"38","author":"Juncker-Voss","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"S0022149X17000682_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.04.006"},{"key":"S0022149X17000682_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/143.5.712"},{"key":"S0022149X17000682_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2009.01147.x"},{"key":"S0022149X17000682_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-11-551614"},{"key":"S0022149X17000682_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360100419","article-title":"Parasite-specific antibody and cellular immune responses in humans infected with Necator americanus and Oesophagostomum bifurcum","volume":"87","author":"Pit","year":"2001","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"key":"S0022149X17000682_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2016.54.5.637"},{"key":"S0022149X17000682_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.4.2169-2176.2006"},{"key":"S0022149X17000682_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2008.07.001"},{"key":"S0022149X17000682_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-013-3692-9"},{"key":"S0022149X17000682_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2007.45.2.95"},{"key":"S0022149X17000682_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.1964.2.1.63"},{"key":"S0022149X17000682_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(56)80261-8"},{"key":"S0022149X17000682_ref9","first-page":"97","article-title":"Evaluation of Capillaria philippinensis coproantigen in the diagnosis of infection","volume":"34","author":"El Dib","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X17000682_ref27","first-page":"61","article-title":"Capillaria hepatica infection: a rare differential for peripheral eosinophilia and an imaging dilemma for abdominal lymphadenopathy","volume":"61","author":"Sharma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annals of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X17000682_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/JOH2005300"},{"key":"S0022149X17000682_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(10)72011-X"},{"key":"S0022149X17000682_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003988"},{"key":"S0022149X17000682_ref4","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control. (2011) Parasites and health: capillariasis. Available at https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/parasites\/capillaria\/biology_c_hepatica.html (accessed 13 February 2017)."},{"key":"S0022149X17000682_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(00)01626-1"},{"key":"S0022149X17000682_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-013-3493-1"},{"key":"S0022149X17000682_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12125"},{"key":"S0022149X17000682_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761993000300015"},{"key":"S0022149X17000682_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64607-X"},{"key":"S0022149X17000682_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4201","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.8.4201","article-title":"IFN-gamma, IL-12, and TNF-alpha are required to maintain reduced liver pathology in mice vaccinated with Schistosoma mansoni eggs and IL-12","volume":"161","author":"Hoffmann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md.: 1950)"},{"key":"S0022149X17000682_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.06.007"},{"key":"S0022149X17000682_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2003.10.050"},{"key":"S0022149X17000682_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2003.18.4.255"},{"key":"S0022149X17000682_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/IMM-120027681"},{"key":"S0022149X17000682_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.2000.00328.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Helminthology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022149X17000682","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T22:03:19Z","timestamp":1692914599000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022149X17000682\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022149X17000682"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022149x17000682","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-149X","1475-2697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-149X","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2697","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]]}}}