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A study in Japan reported an unexplained case of endocarditis that was finally diagnosed as a complex<jats:italic>Schistosoma japonicum<\/jats:italic>infection; in the absence of advanced techniques, the diagnosis was delayed. We therefore set out to explore the incidence of<jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>in endocarditis patients coming from areas of Egypt where<jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>is endemic. We also investigated histopathological changes in the cardiac valves and the presence of cell-free parasite DNA (CFPD) in cardiac tissues of laboratory mice infected with<jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>. The study included 186 patients with the manifestations of infective endocarditis. Eggs were detected in the stool samples of 5.91% of patients. Seropositivity was reported in 23.66% of patients and antigen was detected in the urine samples of 10.21%. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), CFPD was detected in the blood of 6.98% of the endocarditis patients and 95% of the infected mice, while the cardiac samples of 45% of the mice tested positive for CFPD (means \u00b1 SD = 1390.2 \u00b1 283.65, 2158.72 \u00b1 1103.1 and 5.71 \u00b1 2.91, respectively). Histopathological examination revealed abnormal collagen deposition, inflammatory cells and haemorrhagic pigmentation in the heart sections. Despite the low incidence of<jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>infection in the studied cohort, the presence of CFPD in the cardiac tissue of infected mice makes it necessary to: (1) investigate the hazards of CFPD deposition in endothelium-rich organs; and (2) test the potential of CFPD to trigger tissue inflammation, abnormal proliferation or genome integration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x17001183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,21]],"date-time":"2018-01-21T13:56:32Z","timestamp":1516542992000},"page":"139-148","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["<i>Schistosoma mansoni<\/i>and endocarditis: from egg to free DNA detection in Egyptian patients and infected BALB\/c mice"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"M.A.","family":"Hasby 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