{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T03:13:11Z","timestamp":1792552391628,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593993600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":187,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p><jats:italic>Echinococcus multilocularis<\/jats:italic>, the causative agent of human alveolar echinococcosis, is an important emerging parasite in the northern hemisphere. In epidemiological studies, the highest attention is being paid to foxes as the main reservoir hosts responsible for geographic expansion from multiple focal populations and the invasion of urban habitats, but little information is available on the parasite distribution in other carnivores. Hence, the study was designed to obtain updated information about the occurrence and genetic diversity of <jats:italic>E. multilocularis<\/jats:italic> in grey wolves and dogs in Slovakia. Faecal samples of wolves were collected from three locations under a certain level of environmental protection in the central and eastern parts of the country, and the presence of the parasite DNA was detected in 35.7% of 112 samples, with the highest rate (51.2%) recorded in the Poloniny National Park in north-eastern Slovakia. Among 110 faecal dog samples, <jats:italic>E. multilocularis<\/jats:italic> was detected in three faeces from segregated Roma settlements in the eastern part of the country, which accounted for an overall positivity of 2.7%. Sequence analysis of two mitochondrial genes, 12S rRNA and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1, revealed four haplotypes in 13 isolates from wolves and dogs originating from four sites in eastern and central Slovakia, with all samples bearing a European-type pattern of <jats:italic>E. multilocularis<\/jats:italic>. The more than one-third positivity rate of <jats:italic>E. multilocularis<\/jats:italic> in wolf faecal samples dispersed over a large part of the country has corroborated the extensive circulation of the parasite in wildlife and confirmed the need to improve intervention control strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x20000528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T06:44:07Z","timestamp":1594017847000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The fox tapeworm, <i>Echinococcus multilocularis<\/i>, in grey wolves and dogs in Slovakia: epidemiology and genetic analysis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6473-6584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Jaro\u0161ov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Antolov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"\u0160n\u00e1bel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"\u0160tof\u00edk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Urban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Cavallero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Miterp\u00e1kov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref42","first-page":"241","article-title":"Ekol\u00f3gia vlka oby\u010dajn\u00e9ho (Canis lupus) a jeho podiel na formovan\u00ed a stabilite karpatsk\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9mov na Slovensku [The ecology of wolf Canis lupus and its share on the formalization and stability of the Carpathian ecosystems in Slovakia]","volume":"12","author":"Vosk\u00e1r","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ochrana pr\u00edrody"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.165.13.366"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref40","first-page":"678","article-title":"Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions when there are strong transition-transversion and G + C-content biases","volume":"9","author":"Tamura","year":"1992","journal-title":"Molecular Biology and Evolution"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/s11687-006-0037-6"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/s11687-011-0023-5"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1897-3"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref28","first-page":"309","article-title":"Unexpected Echinococcus multilocularis infections in shepherd dogs and wolves in south-western Italian Alps: a new endemic area?","volume":"7","author":"Massolo","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.11.008"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02632"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.050"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref32","volume-title":"Po\u013eovn\u00edcka \u0161tatistick\u00e1 ro\u010denka Slovenskej republiky 2018 [Hunting Statistics Yearbook 2018]","year":"2019"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2009.07.010"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msw054"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000452"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref10","first-page":"105","article-title":"Echinococcus multilocularis in Slovak Republic: the first record in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes)","volume":"36","author":"Dubinsk\u00fd","year":"1999","journal-title":"Helminthologia"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005801"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X08123860"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.7.1871-1876.1998"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2008.01154.x"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/ap-2018-0058"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14411\/fp.2017.007"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref39","first-page":"754","volume-title":"Theory and practice of parasitic disease control","author":"\u0160n\u00e1bel","year":"2019"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2012.03.004"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/helm-2017-0026"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref14","first-page":"17","article-title":"Home ranges of two wolves packs in the Slovak Carpathians","volume":"53","author":"Fin\u010fo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Folia Zoologica"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/vetn.2013.4.9.550"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-007-0855-6"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2016.11.002"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref15","first-page":"100","volume-title":"Ako chr\u00e1ni\u0165 hospod\u00e1rske zvierat\u00e1 proti ve\u013ek\u00fdm \u0161elm\u00e1m [How to protect livestock against large carnivores]","author":"Fin\u010fo","year":"2011"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.1.107-135.2004"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360100452","article-title":"Echinococcus multilocularis in European wolves (Canis lupus)","volume":"87","author":"Mart\u00ednek","year":"2001","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2016.08.001"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref13","first-page":"43","article-title":"Potravn\u00e1 ekol\u00f3gia vlka (Canis lupus) v slovensk\u00fdch Karpatoch. [Food ecology of wolf (Canis lupus) in the Slovak Carpathians]","volume":"5","author":"Fin\u010fo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Research and Protection of Mammals in Slovakia"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref5","first-page":"184","article-title":"TCS: Estimating gene genealogies. Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium","volume":"2","author":"Clement","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Proceedings"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref16","first-page":"30","article-title":"Ochrana \u0161eliem v minulosti a s\u00fa\u010dasnosti [Protection of carnivores in the past and present]","volume":"24","author":"Fin\u010fo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Enviromagaz\u00edn"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/msb.2011.75"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref17","first-page":"81","article-title":"Unexpected diversity of the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis in wildlife in Canada","volume":"3","author":"Gesy","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-017-5732-3"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2012.11.013"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1746-4"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.12.004"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12298"},{"key":"S0022149X20000528_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2016.09.006"}],"container-title":["Journal of Helminthology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022149X20000528","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T06:44:13Z","timestamp":1594017853000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022149X20000528\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0022149X20000528"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022149x20000528","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-149X","1475-2697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-149X","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2697","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"article-number":"e168"}}