{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:57:53Z","timestamp":1792069073607,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]],"date-time":"2020-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595203200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":201,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite its extensive presence among grazing ruminants, dicrocoeliosis, also known as \u2018small liver fluke\u2019 disease, is poorly known and often underestimated by researchers and practitioners in many countries. The accurate identification and prepatent diagnosis of<jats:italic>Dicrocoelium dendriticum<\/jats:italic>infection is an essential prerequisite for its prevention and control. In the present study, the morphologically identified specimens isolated from the bile ducts of sheep (<jats:italic>Ovis aries<\/jats:italic>) were validated through molecular data. The sequence analysis of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) of our isolates showed a high degree of similarity with<jats:italic>D. dendriticum<\/jats:italic>using the BLAST function of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The phylogenetic analysis of our isolates showed a close relationship with previously described<jats:italic>D. dendriticum<\/jats:italic>isolates from different countries. The antigenic profiles of somatic and excretory\/secretory (E\/S) antigens of<jats:italic>D. dendriticum<\/jats:italic>were revealed by sodium dodecyl sulphate\u2013polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS\u2013PAGE) and immunoblotting using sera from sheep naturally infected with<jats:italic>D. dendriticum.<\/jats:italic>By SDS\u2013PAGE, 16 distinct bands were revealed from crude somatic fraction. Immunoblotting analysis of these proteins with positive sera exhibited six seroreactive bands ranging from 27 to 130 kDa. Among these, the 84 and 130 kDa bands were quite specific, with high diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. The E\/S fraction comprised nine distinct bands, as revealed by SDS\u2013PAGE analysis. Immunoblotting analysis of these proteins with positive sera exhibited five antigenic bands ranging from 27 to 130 kDa. Among these, the 130 kDa band was found to be quite specific, with high diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. The present study concludes that the protein bands of 84 and 130 kDa in somatic fraction and 130 kDa in E\/S fraction can be used for the immunodiagnostic purpose for this economically important parasite, which may also encourage further studies regarding their vaccine potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x20000565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]],"date-time":"2020-07-20T08:06:12Z","timestamp":1595232372000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Molecular characterization and immunodiagnostics of<i>Dicrocoelium dendriticum<\/i>species isolated from sheep of north-west Himalayan region"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9172-2460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.S.","family":"Dar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"Shabir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.A.","family":"Dar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.A.","family":"Ganai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref59","first-page":"378","article-title":"Dicrocoeliose des schafes: untersuchungen zur pathogenese und zur regeneration der leber nach therapie","volume":"97","author":"Wolff","year":"1984","journal-title":"Berliner und M\u00fcnchener tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref57","first-page":"139","article-title":"Surface and ES antigens of adult Dicrocoelium dendriticum inducing bile antibody responses in naturally infected cattle","volume":"41","author":"Wedrychowicz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Parasitologica"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(94)00673-Z"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2010.10.024"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(91)90062-Z"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref52","first-page":"406","article-title":"Estimation of number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees","volume":"4","author":"Tamura","year":"1993","journal-title":"Molecular Biology and Evolution"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref50","first-page":"24","volume-title":"Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals","author":"Soulsby","year":"1968"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref49","first-page":"113","article-title":"Application of Western Blotting and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for the Diagnosis of Dicrocoelium dendriticum in Sheep Using Excretory Secretory (E\/S) Antigens","volume":"30","author":"Simsek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.68.375"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-003-0869-7"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(98)00037-X"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1236"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref15","first-page":"95","article-title":"BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95\/98\/NT","volume":"41","author":"Hall","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Symposium Series"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182005008292"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00931589"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.06.008"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.13189\/iid.2014.020102","article-title":"Determination of immunodominant antigens of Dicrocoelium dendriticum by hyperimmune sera","volume":"2","author":"Meshgi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunology and Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref58","first-page":"248","article-title":"Local and systemic antibody response against surface, somatic and ES antigens of Dicrocoelium dendriticum in sheep naturally infected with trematode","volume":"42","author":"Wedrychowicz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Parasitologica"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(99)00123-X"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00932409"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050237"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2014.07.002"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2008.03.003"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2009.08.014"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref37","first-page":"691","article-title":"Evaluation of seven assays detecting serum immunoglobulin classes and subclasses and salivary and faecal secretory IgG against Fasciola excretory\/secretory (ES) antigen in diagnosing Fascioliasis","volume":"34","author":"Nour Eldin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref3","first-page":"135","article-title":"Morphological and molecular characterization of Dicrocoelium isolated from sheep in the north and center of Iran","volume":"16","author":"Arbabi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Feyz"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.5.3000"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref43","first-page":"173","article-title":"Rilievi ematochimici, anatomo-istopatologici e parassitologici in ovini infetti da dicroceliosi","volume":"9","author":"Ranucci","year":"1981","journal-title":"Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref6","first-page":"343","article-title":"Application de la technique d'immunofluorescence indirecte a l\u2019\u00e9tude \u00e9pidemiologique de la dicrocoeliose","volume":"153","author":"Calamel","year":"1977","journal-title":"Research in Veterinary Science"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.67.1115"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(93)90022-Q"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref47","first-page":"155","volume-title":"Experimental dicrocoeliasis of Karakul lambs. Trudy VII Vsesoyuznoi Konferentsii po Prirodnoi Ochagovosti Boleznei i Obshchim Voprosam Parazitologii Zhivotnykh, 14\u201318 Oktyabrya 1969, Samarkand,6 (2)","author":"Salimova","year":"1972"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X13000503"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/227680a0"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.07.018"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00930918"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.22.4673"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparison of protein profile of co-existing Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica parasite in Bos taurus (cattle) and Bubalus bubalis (Philippine water buffalo)","volume":"19","author":"De Vera","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Protozoology Research"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-8286.2003.00519.x"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(89)90118-7"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mcpr.2002.0429"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(05)60002-4"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(99)00165-X"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(02)00121-8"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.10.003"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/jbs.2008.1166.1173"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-010-1724-2"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msw054"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050696"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref27","unstructured":"Kunz, PA (1975) Isolation, characterization and partial sequence determination of a haemeprotein from the small liver fluke Dicrocoelium dendriticum. PhD thesis, University of Zurich, Z\u00fcrich."},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.5.2992"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2427(87)90150-4"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-004-1128-2"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182011001375"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref46","first-page":"945","article-title":"A simple method for estimating and testing minimum evolution trees","volume":"9","author":"Rzhetsky","year":"1992","journal-title":"Molecular Biology and Evolution"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-007-0629-1"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(02)00009-0"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2007.07.008"},{"key":"S0022149X20000565_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.05.019"}],"container-title":["Journal of Helminthology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022149X20000565","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T10:39:40Z","timestamp":1667471980000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022149X20000565\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":60,"alternative-id":["S0022149X20000565"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022149x20000565","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-149X","1475-2697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-149X","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2697","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"article-number":"e174"}}