{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T12:35:40Z","timestamp":1789907740144,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645401600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":51,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p><jats:italic>Strongyloides stercoralis<\/jats:italic> is an intestinal parasitic helminth that mainly affects humans and dogs throughout the world. Canine strongyloidosis is generally characterized by asymptomatic infection, with fatal disease in cases of immunodeficiency. This study was conducted in order to evaluate the global prevalence of <jats:italic>S. stercoralis<\/jats:italic> in dogs. Six electronic databases were searched for this purpose. The random effects model and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were applied to determine the overall and subgroup pooled prevalence. Heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran's Q test and <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> statistic. In total, 56 datasets from 50 studies from 1,202 peer-reviewed papers were included in the current meta-analysis. 20,627 dogs were assessed in 27 countries across six World Health Organization (WHO) regions. The global prevalence of <jats:italic>S. stercoralis<\/jats:italic> infection among dogs was 6% (95% CI 4\u20138%; 868\/20,627). According to WHO regions, the estimated prevalence ranges 2% to 11% as follows: Western Pacific (11%, 0\u201331%); Africa (9%, 2\u201319%); America (6%, 3\u201311%); South-East Asia (5%, 1\u201313%)\u2019 Europe (3%, 2\u20135%); and Eastern Mediterranean (2%, 0\u20136%). The pooled prevalence of <jats:italic>S. stercoralis<\/jats:italic> infection in dog owners was 7% (1\u201318%). The prevalence of <jats:italic>S. stercoralis<\/jats:italic> infection in studies based on serological assays was significantly higher than other techniques (29%, 20\u201339%). Younger female dogs, less than one year old, from rural areas had higher prevalence rates than their male counterparts, with no statistically significant differences. From this review, it is concluded that the low global prevalence of <jats:italic>S. stercoralis<\/jats:italic> in dogs may be strongly associated with low sensitivity diagnostic methods applied in most studies leading to the underestimation of infection rates. Therefore, the improvement of diagnostic techniques is recommended for precise evaluation of the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x21000808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T14:32:35Z","timestamp":1645453955000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Global prevalence of <i>Strongyloides stercoralis<\/i> in dogs: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6017-836X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tahmineh","family":"Gorgani-Firouzjaee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1830-0138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Narges","family":"Kalantari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Chehrazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2662-5618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salman","family":"Ghaffari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaysteh","family":"Shahdin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X21000808_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005752"},{"key":"S0022149X21000808_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2014.03.007"},{"key":"S0022149X21000808_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2149\/tmh.2009-16"},{"key":"S0022149X21000808_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.04.001"},{"key":"S0022149X21000808_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.11.022"},{"key":"S0022149X21000808_ref4","first-page":"374","article-title":"Intestinal nematode parasites of dogs: prevalence and associated risk factors","volume":"3","author":"Awoke","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances"},{"key":"S0022149X21000808_ref19","first-page":"432","article-title":"Gastrointestinal helminthes in dogs and community perception on parasite zoonosis at Hawassa city, Ethiopia","volume":"11","author":"G Selasie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Global Veterinaria"},{"key":"S0022149X21000808_ref48","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasite infections in stray and farm dogs from Spain","volume":"29","author":"Regidor-Cerrillo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinaria"},{"key":"S0022149X21000808_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002288"},{"key":"S0022149X21000808_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-1691(15)30167-2"},{"key":"S0022149X21000808_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1971.20.441"},{"key":"S0022149X21000808_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.03.016"},{"key":"S0022149X21000808_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008378"},{"key":"S0022149X21000808_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9030094"},{"key":"S0022149X21000808_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182018001312"},{"key":"S0022149X21000808_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.10.022","article-title":"Parasitological and serological diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis in domesticated dogs from southeastern Brazil","volume":"136","author":"Ferreira","year":"2006","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X21000808_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.08.022"},{"key":"S0022149X21000808_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.11.014"},{"key":"S0022149X21000808_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trz135"},{"key":"S0022149X21000808_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006229"},{"key":"S0022149X21000808_ref3","unstructured":"Ardelean, AI. , Suteu, E and Cozma, V (2005) Epidemiology of digestive helminthosis from urban area of Cluj-Napoca, Romania. 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