{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:22:53Z","timestamp":1792790573407,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676592000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":47,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>Various dung beetle species of the family Scarabaeidae have been reported as intermediate hosts of <jats:italic>Spirocerca lupi<\/jats:italic> from different geographical locations, but there has been no data from south-east Asian countries. In the present study in Vietnam, by using morphological and molecular approaches, we identified the third-stage larvae of <jats:italic>S. lupi<\/jats:italic> for the first time in two dung beetle species, <jats:italic>Catharsius molossus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Copris szechouanicus<\/jats:italic>, adding them as new intermediate hosts of this nematode. In addition, both beetle species were infected with larvae of another spirurid nematode of <jats:italic>Physocephalus<\/jats:italic> sp. At large magnifications above 200\u00d7, these two spirurid larvae can be differentiated from each other by their body size (1880\u20132662 vs. 1417\u20131635 \u03bcm) and detailed morphological features of the anterior and posterior ends, such as the length of the buccal cavity, the position of the nerve ring and excretory pore, and tail characters. However, it is difficult to distinguish them at a lower magnification due to their minute size. Moreover, morphometric data of <jats:italic>S. lupi<\/jats:italic> larvae vary among reports and the body length may overlap with that of <jats:italic>Physocephalus<\/jats:italic> sp., thus, misidentification may occur, indicating the necessity of careful examination for accurate identification. The findings of the present study also supposed that larvae of <jats:italic>S. lupi<\/jats:italic> and more spirurid nematodes may be concurrently found in various dung beetle species, including <jats:italic>C. molossus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. szechouanicus<\/jats:italic>, in other south-east Asian countries. Thus, more investigations in various countries should be conducted to identify spirurid larvae from dung beetles in order to fully understand their role as intermediate hosts of <jats:italic>S. lupi<\/jats:italic> and other spirurid nematodes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x22000827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T09:02:38Z","timestamp":1676624558000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Larvae of <i>Spirocerca lupi<\/i> and another spirurid species in the same dung beetles: notes on species identification"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4995-3446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.N.","family":"Doanh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.T.K.","family":"Hoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.V.","family":"Hien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.N.","family":"Chinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.T.H.","family":"Phuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.T.K.","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X22000827_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v75i4.107"},{"key":"S0022149X22000827_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2307\/3278233","article-title":"Spirocerca lupi: a continuing inquiry","volume":"58","author":"Bailey","year":"1972","journal-title":"Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X22000827_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.14411\/eje.2018.016","article-title":"Two new species and one new record for the genus Copris (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from Vietnam with a key to Vietnamese species","volume":"115","author":"Bui","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Journal of Entomology"},{"key":"S0022149X22000827_ref5","first-page":"661","volume-title":"Handbook of zoology","volume":"2","author":"Bain","year":"2014"},{"key":"S0022149X22000827_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msw054"},{"key":"S0022149X22000827_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00007008"},{"key":"S0022149X22000827_ref13","first-page":"495","volume-title":"Beetles of Thailand","author":"Ek-Amnuay","year":"2008"},{"key":"S0022149X22000827_ref2","first-page":"137","article-title":"On the life-history of Spirocerca lupi (Rudolphi, 1809), a nematode of dogs in India","volume":"58","author":"Anantaraman","year":"1963","journal-title":"Proceedings\/Indian Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"S0022149X22000827_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101671"},{"key":"S0022149X22000827_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00259958"},{"key":"S0022149X22000827_ref27","first-page":"571","article-title":"Le Col\u00e9opt\u00e8ra Scarab\u00e9ide h\u00f4te naturel de Spirocerca lupi (Rud.) en Chine, n'est pas un Canthon mais un Paragymnopleurus [The scarab beetle, natural host of Spirocerca lupi (Rud.) in China, is not a Canthon but a Paragymnopleurus]","volume":"27","author":"Theodorides","year":"1952","journal-title":"Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Compar\u00e9e"},{"key":"S0022149X22000827_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2019.10.004"},{"key":"S0022149X22000827_ref1","first-page":"97","volume-title":"Early developmental stages of nematodes occurring in swine","author":"Alicata","year":"1935"},{"key":"S0022149X22000827_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-3202-0"},{"key":"S0022149X22000827_ref22","first-page":"51","article-title":"Gymnopleurus sinnatus as the intermediate host of spiruridae found in the vicinity of Mukden, South Manchuria. I Gymnopleurus Sinnatus as the intermediate host of Spirocerca sanguinolenta and inquiry into Grassi's experiment with Blatta orientalis","volume":"8","author":"Ono","year":"1929","journal-title":"The Japanese Journal of Veterinary Science"},{"key":"S0022149X22000827_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182013002011"},{"key":"S0022149X22000827_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.68.1765.407"},{"key":"S0022149X22000827_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X10000039"},{"key":"S0022149X22000827_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00022203"},{"key":"S0022149X22000827_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(93)90079-Q"},{"key":"S0022149X22000827_ref8","unstructured":"Chhabra, RC (1968) Some studies on Spirocerca lupi (Rudolphi, 1809) Chitwood, 1933 . PhD thesis, Agra University, India. 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