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Among them, trichostrongylid nematodes of ruminants, found worldwide, parasitize humans in different parts of the world with varying rates of incidence, particularly among rural and tribal communities with poor hygiene, pastoral livelihood and poor access to health services. In the Trichostrongyloidea superfamily, <jats:italic>Haemonchus contortus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Teladorsagia circumcincta<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Marshallagia marshalli<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Nematodirus abnormalis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Trichostrongylus<\/jats:italic> spp. are zoonotic in nature. Species of the genus <jats:italic>Trichostrongylus<\/jats:italic> are the most prevalent gastrointestinal nematode parasites of ruminants that transmit to humans. This parasite is prevalent in pastoral communities around the world and causes gastrointestinal complications with hypereosinophilia which is typically treated with anthelmintic therapy. The scientific literature from 1938 to 2022 revealed the occasional incidence of trichostrongylosis throughout the world with abdominal complications and hypereosinophilia as the predominant manifestation in humans. The primary means of transmission of <jats:italic>Trichostrongylus<\/jats:italic> to humans was found to be close contact with small ruminants and food contaminated by their faeces. Studies revealed that conventional stool examination methods such as formalin-ethyl acetate concentration or Willi's technique combined with polymerase chain reaction-based approaches are important for the accurate diagnosis of human trichostrongylosis. This review further found that interleukin 33, immunoglobulin E, immunoglobulin G1, immunoglobulin G2, immunoglobulin M, histamine, leukotriene C4, 6-keto prostaglandin F<jats:sub>1\u03b1,<\/jats:sub> and thromboxane B<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> are vital in the fight against <jats:italic>Trichostrongylus<\/jats:italic> infection with mast cells playing a key role. This review focuses on the prevalence, pathogenicity and immunological aspects of <jats:italic>Trichostrongylus<\/jats:italic> spp. in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x2300007x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T11:10:19Z","timestamp":1677064219000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Trichostrongylosis: a zoonotic disease of small 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