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Surveys conducted in 2019 and 2021 in the North Caucasus of the Russian Federation (Stavropol Upland and western and central parts of Krasnodar Krai) has revealed the presence of three new species of <jats:italic>Pellioditis<\/jats:italic>, a facultative parasite of land gastropods, and two species of obligate parasites, the intestinal parasite <jats:italic>Angiostoma kimmeriense<\/jats:italic> and a new, still undescribed species of a larval ectoparasite <jats:italic>Alloionema<\/jats:italic> sp. The new associations of <jats:italic>Cruznema<\/jats:italic> sp. and <jats:italic>Rhabditophanes<\/jats:italic> sp. with land gastropods were recorded for the first time in the Russian Federation. The new species of <jats:italic>Pellioditis<\/jats:italic> Dougherty, 1953 described here is based on the analysis of morphology and molecular studies of two distant and morphologically distinct strains, <jats:italic>thermalis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>sindicae. Pellioditis thermalis<\/jats:italic> n. sp. was characterised by females possessing a tail of about 95\u2013100 \u03bcm long, broadly conical in shape in the <jats:italic>thermalis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>sindicae<\/jats:italic> strains, with a rounded anterior part and a subulate terminal part as long as the former; prominent phasmids located at the mid-tail, equatorial vulva position, a lateral field of three ridges (four incisions), males with spicules featuring a hole at the distal tip, ensheathed infective juveniles with average length 717 \u03bcm in the <jats:italic>thermals<\/jats:italic> strain and 771 \u03bcm in the <jats:italic>sindicae<\/jats:italic> strain, and exsheathed ones 644 \u03bcm and 682 \u03bcm, respectively. ITS-based phylogenetic analyses revealed that all <jats:italic>Pellioditis<\/jats:italic> species found in Ciscaucasia and Transcaucasia probably belong to two separate clades, with independent evolutionary histories of colonisation of this area. The entire Caucasus range area appears to serve as a biodiversity hotspot for the genus <jats:italic>Pellioditis<\/jats:italic>, presumably due to its complicated geological history and repeated isolation events for its terrestrial mollusc hosts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x2300072x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T07:26:16Z","timestamp":1701415576000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Synopsis of gastropod-associated nematodes of Ciscaucasia (Russian Federation) with the description of a new species of <i>Pellioditis<\/i> Dougherty, 1953 (syn. <i>Phasmarhabditis<\/i> Andr\u00e1ssy, 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