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Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>The aim of the study was to compare the relative gene expression of <jats:italic>Haemonchus contortus<\/jats:italic> P-glycoprotein genes (<jats:italic>Hco-pgp<\/jats:italic>) between fourth (L<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>), infective (L<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>), and transitory infective (xL<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) larval stages as laboratory models to study ivermectin (IVM) resistance. The <jats:italic>H. contortus<\/jats:italic> resistant to IVM (IVMr) and susceptible to IVM (IVMs) strains were used to develop xL<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub><jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> culture and to infect <jats:italic>Meriones unguiculatus<\/jats:italic> (gerbils) to collect L<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> stages. Morphometric differences were evaluated from 25 individuals of <jats:italic>H. contortus<\/jats:italic> from each strain. Relative gene expression from xL<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and L<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> was determined between comparison of IVMr stages and from IVMr <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> IVMs stages. Seven <jats:italic>Hco-pgp<\/jats:italic> genes (1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, and 16) were analysed by RT-qPCR using L<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> stage as control group, per strain, and <jats:italic>GAPDH<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>\u03b2-tubulin<\/jats:italic> as constitutive genes. Morphological changes were confirmed between xL<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and L<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> developing oral shape, oesophagus, and intestinal tube. In addition, the body length and width showed statistical differences (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). The <jats:italic>Hco-pgp<\/jats:italic>1, 2, 3, and 4 genes (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) were upregulated from 7.1- to 463.82-fold changes between IVMr stages, and <jats:italic>Hco-pgp9<\/jats:italic> (13.12-fold) and <jats:italic>Hco-pgp10<\/jats:italic> (13.56-fold) genes showed differences between L<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> and xL<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, respectively. The comparative study between IVMr <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> IVMs strains associated to xL<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and L<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> displayed significant upregulation for most of the <jats:italic>Hco-pgp<\/jats:italic> genes among 4.89\u2013188.71 fold-change. In conclusion, these results suggest the use of <jats:italic>H. contortus<\/jats:italic> xL<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and L<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> as suitable laboratory models to study IVMr associated with <jats:italic>Hco-pgp<\/jats:italic> genes to contribute to the understanding of anthelmintic resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x24000087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T07:58:11Z","timestamp":1707983891000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Analysis of P-gp genes relative expression associated to ivermectin resistance in <i>Haemonchus contortus<\/i> larval stages from <i>in vitro<\/i> cultures (L<sub>3<\/sub> and xL<sub>3<\/sub>) and from gerbils (<i>Meriones unguiculatus<\/i>) (L<sub>4<\/sub>) as models of 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