{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T20:31:31Z","timestamp":1793392291666,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739145600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":40,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:p>This study investigated the co-infection dynamics of <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ancylostoma ceylanicum<\/jats:italic> in an experimental model. Two experiments were conducted to investigate varying infection orders. In experimental group 1, subjects were initially infected with <jats:italic>A. ceylanicum<\/jats:italic>, followed by <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> infection. In group 2, subjects were first infected with <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>, followed by <jats:italic>A. ceylanicum<\/jats:italic> infection. The co-infected groups were compared to mono-infected groups for further analysis. Parameters assessed included weight, fecal egg elimination, blood cell counts, IgG response, histopathological analysis, and granuloma morphometry. Results indicated that the timing of infections influenced weight loss. Co-infected animals lost weight similarly to <jats:italic>A. ceylanicum<\/jats:italic>-infected animals when <jats:italic>A. ceylanicum<\/jats:italic> preceded <jats:italic>S. mansoni.<\/jats:italic> The co-infected groups did not experience worsened anemia, despite both parasites being hematophagous. No linear correlation was found between <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> egg counts and anti-SEA IgG production. The response to the <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> adult worm antigen was significantly higher in the <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> mono-infected group compared to the group previously infected with hookworm. Co-infection with <jats:italic>A. ceylanicum<\/jats:italic> after <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> infection also interfered with the host response. It caused a delay in the peak of <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> egg elimination compared to the <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> monoinfected group. Additionally, fewer eggs were retained in the liver compared to single infections. These findings help elucidate the interactions between different parasites and their hosts in the same endemic area, providing valuable information to enhance strategies for disease control and management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x25000033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T04:41:02Z","timestamp":1739162462000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Previous hookworm infection attenuates the immune response to a subsequent <i>Schistosoma mansoni<\/i> infection in an experimental model"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5384-8959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.F.V.","family":"Furtado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.R.","family":"Serafim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.J.","family":"da 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