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Since 2006, there has been a history of intense biodiversity discoveries of freshwater trematodes (Trematoda, Digenea), thanks to the use of integrative taxonomic methods. The majority of digeneans (28 out of 41 known) were characterised with molecular genetic methods and morphological analyses, with some of their life-cycle stages and geographical distribution assessed. A surprising diversity has been discovered, comprising species of the families Allocreadiidae, Cyclocoeliidae, Diplostomidae, Echinostomatidae, Gorgoderidae, Plagiorchiidae, Notocotylidae, Schistosomatidae, and Strigeidae. Many of the recorded species complete their life cycles within Iceland, with three snail species (<jats:italic>Ampullaceana balthica<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Gyraulus parvus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Physa acuta<\/jats:italic>) known as intermediate hosts. No trematodes endemic for Iceland were found; they appear to be generalists with wide geographical ranges dispersed mainly by migratory birds. Interestingly, fish trematodes recorded in Iceland were found in mainland Europe, indicating that they might be dispersed by anadromous fishes, by human activity, or by migratory birds carrying intermediate hosts. The trematode fauna is mainly Palaearctic, with few species recorded in North America. We highlight the ongoing need for precise species identification via integrative taxonomic methods, which is a baseline for any further ecological studies and adequate epidemiological and conservation measures. Also, there is still a need of obtaining well-preserved vouchers of adults for definite species delimitation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022149x25000215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T05:59:03Z","timestamp":1740376743000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Freshwater trematodes in Iceland and the surrounding north \u2013 current advances and questions"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Falt\u00fdnkov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5346-1658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"O.","family":"Kudlai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0232-2954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Jouet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8101-3206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"O\u2019Dwyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5510-5959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Pantoja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7386-0480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Sk\u00edrnisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X25000215_r70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2006.04.007","article-title":"Is a healthy ecosystem one that is rich in parasites?","volume":"21","author":"Hudson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends in Ecology and Evolution"},{"key":"S0022149X25000215_r79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X09990721"},{"key":"S0022149X25000215_r98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3897\/zookeys.420.7089"},{"key":"S0022149X25000215_r82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00700459","article-title":"Schistosome cercariae as the causative agent of swimmer\u2019s itch in Iceland","volume":"73","author":"Kol\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1","year":"1999a","journal-title":"Journal of Helminthology"},{"key":"S0022149X25000215_r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1554\/0014-3820(2001)055[0573:HPOACS]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Holarctic phylogeography of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences","volume":"55","author":"Brunner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"S0022149X25000215_r94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/d16030158"},{"key":"S0022149X25000215_r75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2010.08.001"},{"key":"S0022149X25000215_r86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s11230-007-9092-8","article-title":"Petasiger islandicus n. sp. 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